嫁接和施氮量对冬瓜干物质、氮素积累及其氮代谢酶的影响  

Effects of Grafting and Nitrogen Rate on Nitrogen and Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes in Wax Gourd

作　　者：廖道龙[1,2] 云天海 刘子凡[2] 伍壮生 黄项心兰[2] 陈贻诵[1,3] 谢大森 LIAO Daolong;YUN Tianhai;LIU Zifan;WU Zhuangsheng;HUANG Xiangxinlan;CHEN Yisong;XIE Dasen(Institute of Vegetables,Hainan Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China;In�stitute of Vegetables,Guandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guanzhou,Guangdong 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南海口571100 [2]海南大学,海南海口570228 [3]海南省蔬菜生物学重点实验室,海南海口571100 [4]广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第3期572-581,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDYF2020069);国家大宗蔬菜产业海南试验站(No.CARS-25)。

摘　　要：本研究通过开展嫁接栽培与施氮量对冬瓜干物质、氮素累积及其氮代谢酶的影响,明确冬瓜干物质、氮素积累动态规律和氮素吸收利用规律,旨在为冬瓜科学施肥提供理论依据。试验以‘铁柱2号’冬瓜和‘海砧1号’砧木为材料,试验为裂区设计,主区为栽培方式,分别为嫁接栽培和自根栽培2种栽培方式;副区为氮肥施用量,分别设置N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、N_(180)(180 kg/hm^(2))、N_(360)(360 kg/hm^(2))、N_(540)(540 kg/hm^(2))4个处理,研究不同处理冬瓜在5个不同生育期氮素和干物质积累量及其氮代谢酶活性。冬瓜氮素和干物质积累总量随着施氮量的增加呈先升后降的趋势,在N_(360)达到最大值,且显著高于其他3个施氮量处理;整个生育期嫁接冬瓜氮素和干物质积累总量分别较自根冬瓜提高了16.11%和11.76%,差异达到显著水平。冬瓜氮素和干物质积累的最大理论值(K)、最大积累速率(V_(max))和平均积累速率(V_(mean))、快速积累期起始时期(T_(1))、快速积累期终止时期(T_(2))和最大积累速率出现时间(T_(max))均随着施氮量的增加呈先增后降趋势,在N_(360)处理时达到最大值;嫁接栽培能显著提高冬瓜氮素和干物质的最大理论值(K)、最大积累速率(V_(max))和平均积累速率(V_(mean))。冬瓜硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活性随着生育期呈先增后减的趋势,在75 d(果实发育前期)达到最大值;此时NR和GS的活性均随着施氮量的增加呈现出先升后降的趋势,在N_(360)达到最大值,且显著高于其他3个处理。嫁接栽培能显著提高冬瓜全生育期NR和GS,与自根冬瓜相比,嫁接冬瓜在30、55、75、95、110 d的NR活性分别提高了33.08%、28.95%、34.63%、36.03%和67.23%;而GS活性分别提高了29.64%、22.11%、21.00%、28.00%和35.27%。综上所述,嫁接栽培能显著影响干物质、氮素的积累总量及其累积速率以及NR和GS的活性。N_(360)(360 kg/hm^(2))是冬The effects of grafting cultivation and nitrogen rates on nitrogen and dry matter accumulation and nitrogen metabolism enzymes of wax gourd were studied to elucidate the dynamic rule of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and provide theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of wax gourd.In this study,‘Tiezhu No.2’wax gourd and‘Haizhen No.1’rootstock were used as the materials.A split-plot experiment design was used with cultivation patterns worked as the primary plot,including grafting cultivation and self-root cultivation,and nitrogen rate as the secondary plot,including N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2)),N180(180 kg/hm^(2)),N360(360 kg/hm^(2))and N540(540 kg/hm^(2)).The accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter and activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes for wax gourd in five different growth stages were studied.The total accumulation amount of nitrogen and dry matter first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate with peak values at N360,whose nitrogen and dry matter accumulation were significantly higher than those of the other three nitrogen rate treatments.The average nitrogen and dry matter accumulation of grafted wax gourd was 16.11%and 11.76%higher than those of self-rooted wax gourd,respectively in the whole growth period.The maximum theoretical value(K),maximum accumulation rate(V_(max)),average accumulation rate(V_(mean)),the beginning period of rapid accumulation period(T_(1)),the ending period of rapid accumulation period(T_(2))and the occurrence time of maximum accumulation rate(Tmax)of nitrogen and dry matter accumulation of wax gourd increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate with peak values at N360.While K,V_(max))and V_(mean)of nitrogen and dry matter accumulations in grafted wax gourd were higher than those of self-rooted wax gourd.The activity of nitrate reductase(NR)and glutamine synthetase(GS)increased first and then decreased with the growth period proceeded,and reached the maximum at 75 days.The activity of NR and GS increase

关 键 词：冬瓜 施氮水平 嫁接栽培 氮素累积量 干物质累积量 氮代谢酶 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]