高温对植物减数分裂过程的影响  

Effects of High Temperature on Meiosis of Plants

作　　者：周巧玲 郭恒琳 勾晓婉 ZHOU Qiao-ling(Institute of Integr-ated Plant Biology,School of Life Sciences,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学生命科学学院整合植物生物学研究所,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《农业灾害研究》2021年第11期71-73,共3页Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology

基　　金：江苏省高等学校大学生实践创新训练计划(201910320052Z);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20190996);江苏师范大学博士学位教师科研支持项目(18XLRX033);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX21_2606)。

摘　　要：由于全球气候变暖,高温天气变得更加频繁,导致温度变化敏感的作物产量大幅度下降。植物减数分裂过程对温度变化更为敏感,仅次于开花期。减数分裂期间的高温可能导致粗线期染色体配对中断、纺锤体形成有缺陷、交叉频率下降等,最终导致植物的育性下降。因此,研究极端温度对作物的影响至关重要,将有助于培育作物的抗逆性。基于此,主要综述了植物减数分裂期间高温造成的同源染色体配对缺陷、激素水平以及绒毡层发育等异常情况,以期进一步促进相关领域的研究。As a result of global warming,hot weather has become more frequent,leading to a significant decline in the yield of temperature-sensitive crops.The meiosis process is more sensitive to temperature changes,second only to flowering.High temperature during meiosis may lead to chromosome pairing interruption,defective spindle formation,decreased crossover frequency,etc.,and ultimately lead to decreased fertility of plants.Therefore,studying the effects of extreme temperatures on crops is crucial and will help to foster stress resistance in crops.Based on this,this paper reviews the abnormal homologous chromosome pairing defects,hormone levels and tapetum development caused by high temperature during meiosis in order to further promote the research in related fields.

关 键 词：热胁迫 减数分裂 小孢子母细胞 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]