四川官话知庄章声母的汉语史演变  

The Evolution of Initials Zhi(知),Zhuang(庄)and Zhang(章)Groups in Sichuan(四川)Mandarin

作　　者：倪博洋[1] NI Bo-yang(School of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071

出　　处：《语言研究》2022年第1期14-28,共15页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：南开大学文科发展基金项目资助“基于音类演变的川鄂湘三地西南官话比较研究”(ZB21BZ0329);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“《西蜀方言》语音研究”(63212024)。

摘　　要：四川官话知庄章的演变可以分为"合并型"与"有别型"两类。"有别型"属于南京型,传统"内外转"框架无法精密解释这一声类演变,需要重新考虑声韵母所起作用。四川官话祖语知二庄与知三章两分,知二庄是没有i介音的卷舌音,知三章是后接i介音的舌叶音。四川官话知庄章以元音高低为条件分化,规律是:(1)知二庄以元音[±low]为条件分化,在非低元音前平舌化;(2)知三章卷舌化并脱落i介音,从而与在低元音保持卷舌的原知二庄合流;(3)江摄二等的入声字韵腹高化,破坏了第1步的环境,生成例外形式:捉t■o^(2)、戳t■‘o^(2)。与合肥为代表的江淮官话进行历史比较,可以还原第三步变化。"合并型"是在"有别型"基础上进一步演变,彼此有语音史的承继关系。The evolution of Zhi(知)Zhuang(庄)Zhang(章)groups in Sichuan(四川)Mandarin can be divided into two types:The’merged type’and the’differentiated type’.The latter is similar to the Nanjing type.The traditional theory frame of’inner and outer rhyme tables’cannot explain the evolution of this sound category precisely,so we need to reconsider the function of initials and rimes.The second division of Zhi(知)and Zhuang(庄)are separated from the third division of Zhi(知)and Zhang(章)in the ancestral language of Sichuan Mandarin.The second division of Zhi(知)i and Zhuang is a rolled tongue sound without i-medial,and the third division of Zhi(知)and Zhang is a lamina sound followed by i-medial.The initials Zhi(知)Zhuang(庄)Zhang(章)of Sichuan(四川)Mandarin is divided into two parts according to the tongue position:(1)[±low]is the condition,the second division of Zhi(知)and Zhuang(庄)become flat tongued sound before[-low]vowels;(2)The third division of Zhi(知)and Zhang(章)turn retroflexed and lost the i-medial,and merge with the the second division of Zhi(知)and Zhuang(庄)that before[+low]vowels;(3)The vowels raised in the second division rhyme with a stop ending of Jiang she(四川),which broke the environment of the first rule and induced the occurrence of the exception form t■o^(2)(捉),t■‘o^(2)(戳).Compared with the Jianghuai(江淮)Mandarin represented by Hefei(合肥),we can restore the third change.The’merged type’is a further evolution of the’differentiated type’,which is a consequence of the latter change.

关 键 词：四川官话 知庄章 卷舌音 内外转 西南官话 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]