契约与习惯:传统交易中的民事纠纷与规则适用——以清代湖北天门熊氏房屋基地买卖契约文书为例  

Contracts and Customs:Civil Disputes and Rule Applicability in Traditional Transactions:a Case Study of the Contract Documents for Sale and Purchase of Xiong's Homestead in Tianmen of Hubei Province during Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王肃羽 WANG Su-yu

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第3期109-117,185,共10页Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：藏于民间的各类契约和与之相伴随的民间习惯,是传统中国法律不能忽视的民事规则渊源。对跨度183年的169份湖北天门熊氏房屋基地买卖契约文书的实证研究显示,这些契约文书中“三面”定契、找补息讼、“责任承当”的交易习惯展现了民间契约内生秩序的生成与扩展,并反映出传统中国宗族人情和礼的观念超过契约观念,地方习惯、乡例族规等民间习惯影响着社会生活。这些富于特色的民事规则形态,成为传统中国法律有别于其他法系的重要特征。All kinds of contracts hidden among the people and attendant folk customs are actually one piece of the puzzle that cannot be ignored in traditional Chinese law.This paper is an empirical study of the sample of 169 sales contract documents of Xiong's homestead spanning 183 years in Tianmen,Hubei Province.It focuses on the analysis of the transactional habits of“three sides”contract settlement,interest-seeking litigation,and responsibility undertaking in Xiong's homestead sales contract documents,and explains the generation and expansion of the endogenous order of folk contracts.It argues that the traditional Chinese clan view of human feelings and courtesy would surpass the concept of contract,and that local customs,rural regulations,and other folk customs,influence social life and constitute a distinctive form of civil rules,which is also an important feature of traditional Chinese law different from other legal systems.

关 键 词：传统法律 民间契约 熊氏买卖契约 内生秩序 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]