2001—2020年广西南宁市麻疹流行特征变化分析  

Epidemiological changes in measles in Nanning,Guangxi Province,2001—2020

作　　者：黄昌[1,2,3] 唐金芳 梁灵芝[1] 农初师[1] 甘文烨[1] HUANG Chang;TANG Jin-fang;LIANG Ling-zhi;NONG Chu-shi;GAN Wen-ye(Immunization Planning Section,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanning,Nanning,Guangxi 530023,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南宁市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,广西530023 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心中国现场流行病学培训项目 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第5期783-788,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会课题(Z20201482)。

摘　　要：目的分析2010年麻疹补充免疫活动前后广西南宁市麻疹流行特征的变化,为消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》及历年麻疹个案调查表收集2001—2020年南宁市麻疹病例的资料,分析比较2010年麻疹补充免疫活动前(2001—2010年)和后(2011—2020年)广西南宁市麻疹流行特征变化。结果与2001—2010年比较,2011—2020年南宁市麻疹年平均发病率从1.81/10万升至2.67/10万;发病年龄中位数从3.99岁升至18.90岁;男性发病率从2.10/10万升至2.81/10万,女性发病率从1.48/10万升至2.60/10万,性别比从1.58:1降至1.17:1;市区发病率从2.78/10万升至3.45/10万,乡镇发病率从0.98/10万升至1.75/10万;<8月龄、8~17月龄、1.5~5岁、6~14岁和≥15岁的病发病率分别从36.37/10万升至70.43/10万、33.51/10万升至38.19/10万、9.23/10万降至2.57/10万、2.57/10万降至0.36/10万和0.44/10万升至1.69/10万,无免疫史病例比例明显增加。结论2011—2020年南宁市麻疹具有明显市区时空聚集性,高发年龄逐渐从8月龄~14岁转移到<8月龄和≥15岁人群,建议继续加强常规免疫和薄弱区域甄别工作,完善<8月龄和≥15岁人群免疫策略,提高人群免疫屏障。Objective To analyze the epidemiological changing of measles before and after 2010 supplementary immunization activity in Nanning City,and to provide a basis for the elimination of measles.Methods Data of measles cases were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and measles’questionnaires from 2001 to 2020.The epidemiological changes in measles in Nanning City before(2001—2010)and after(2011—2020)the 2010 supplementary immunization activity was analyzed.Results Compared to 2001—2010,the average annual incidence increased from 1.81/100000 to 2.67/100000,and the median age increased from 3.99 to 18.90 years.The incidence of male and female increased from 2.10/100000 to 2.81/100000 and 1.48/100000 to 2.60/100000,respectively,and the sex ratio decreased from 1.58:1 to 1.17:1.The incidence in urban areas and townships increased from 2.78/100000 to 3.45/100000 and 0.98/100000 to 1.75/100000,respectively.The incidence of<8 months,8-17 months and≥15 years old groups increased from 36.37/100000 to 70.43/100000,33.51/100000 to 38.19/100000,and 0.44/100000 to 1.69/100000,and the incidence of 1.5-5 years old group,6-14 years old group decreased from 9.23/100000 to 2.57/100000 and from 2.57/100000 to 0.36/100000,respectively.The number of cases without immunization significantly increased between 2011-2020.Conclusion Measles epidemic showed obvious urban spatial aggregation in Nanning City,and most cases were lower 1.5 and higher 15 years old after 2010 supplementary immunization activity.It is suggested that we pay more attention to prevent measles outbreak in urban and complete the immunization strategy for lower 1.5 and higher 15 years old people,and eliminate immunization gaps by strengthening disease surveillance and maintain high vaccination rates.

关 键 词：麻疹 发病率 流行病学 补充免疫 防控策略 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]