甘蔗遗传改良中的基因工程:适用、成就、局限和展望  

Genetic Engineering in Sugarcane Improvement:Adaptability,Achievements,Limitations and Prospects

作　　者：许孚 汪洲涛 路贵龙 阙友雄[1] XU Fu;WANG Zhou-Tao;LU Gui-Long;QUE You-Xiong(Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics,Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学农业部福建甘蔗生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/福建农林大学教育部作物遗传育种与综合利用重点实验室,福州350002

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2022年第3期580-593,共14页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-17)。

摘　　要：甘蔗(Saccharum spp.complex)是禾本科的主要物种和重要经济作物,对世界农业经济发展和保障供应食糖发挥重要作用。一方面,甘蔗具有较好的抗、耐逆性,但其生产和生产力依然被多种生物和非生物逆境所制约。另一方面,商业栽培种在生产上一般不开花,即便开花种子基本也是败育的,加上甘蔗产品蔗糖为碳水化合物,不含蛋白成分,因此,甘蔗属于转基因安全风险等级最低(I级)的作物之一。再则,甘蔗为无性繁殖作物,优异的转基因单株可通过组织培养快速扩大群体。鉴于此,基因工程成为甘蔗弥补传统杂交育种性状缺陷和加快遗传改良进程的重要手段。本文在阐述为什么甘蔗是适合进行转基因改良物种的基础上,重点回顾抗虫性和抗病性改良成就,简要回顾其他性状及甘蔗作为生物反应器的工作,评述了影响甘蔗遗传转化效率与外源目的基因表达水平的因素,探讨基因编辑技术在甘蔗上的应用以及转基因甘蔗安全性评价与商业应用情况,最后展望该技术领域的未来,以期推动和促进基因工程在甘蔗遗传改良中的应用。Sugarcane(Saccharum spp.complex)is a major species of the gramineous family and an economically important crop,which plays an important role in the development of world agricultural economy and the guarantee of sugar supply.One hand,sugarcane is known as a pioneer crop,as it has good resistance or tolerance to abiotic adversity.However,its production and productivity are constrained by various abiotic and biotic stresses,resulting in a serious loss in cane yield and sugar content.On the other hand,sugarcane flowering and fruiting requires strict light and temperature conditions,and hybridization is generally adopted by selecting suitable sites to induce the parents to flower in all countries,together with a photoperiod chamber.Normally,many commercial cultivated varieties generally do not blossom in the process of cultivation,and there is no seed even though they flower in a certain location in some years.In addition,sugarcane is an industrial raw material crop,and its product sucrose is carbohydrate and does not contain protein.Therefore,the safety risk level of transgenic sugarcane is low,second only to non-food crops,such as cotton.Furthermore,sugarcane is an asexually propagated crop,and once excellent transgenic individual plants are obtained,its population can be rapidly expanded by tissue culture.Genetic engineering has become an important means for sugarcane to make up for the defects of traits derived from traditional crossbreeding and to accelerate the process of genetic improvement.Regarding why sugarcane is a suitable species for transgenic improvement,this paper highlighted the achievements of improvement of insect pest resistance and disease resistance,briefly reviewed the improvement of other traits and the work of sugarcane as a bioreactor.Then,we focus on the factors affecting the efficiency of genetic transformation and the expression level of exogenous target genes in sugarcane.Additionally,the progress of gene-editing in sugarcane was reviewed.Finally,the future of transgenic sugarcane was pro

关 键 词：甘蔗 遗传转化 生物逆境 遗传转化效率 基因表达水平 基因编辑 安全性 

分 类 号：S184[农业科学—农业基础科学] S435.661