利用血乳酸评定短道速滑项目运动员无氧能力的研究  

Evaluation of Anaerobic Ability of Short Track Speed Skaters by Blood Lactic Acid

作　　者：魏亚茹[1] 刘妍妍 周桐希 高杏 WEI Ya-ru;LIU Yan-yan;ZHOU Tong-xi;GAO Xing(School of Sports and Human Science,Harbin Institute of Physical Education,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150008,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨体育学院运动人体科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150008

出　　处：《沧州师范学院学报》2022年第1期94-98,共5页Journal of Cangzhou Normal University

基　　金：2020年度黑龙江省自然科学基金“备战2022冬奥会中国冰雪项目运动员体形态、体质及骨代谢研究”,编号:LH2020H010.

摘　　要：对不同运动等级短道速滑项目运动员无氧能力进行分析,为短道速滑项目运动员身体机能评定、运动训练及科学选材提供理论与实践依据.采用30sWingate实验测定无氧功,便携式血乳酸分析仪测定30sWingate实验后不同时间点的血乳酸.结果显示,一级以上短道速滑运动员30sWingate无氧功最大功率、平均功率显著优于二级运动员(P<0.05);一级以上短道速滑项目运动员30sWingate无氧功测试后血乳酸峰值均值显著高于二级运动员(P<0.05),机体乳酸耐受力较好;血乳酸与30sWingate无氧功测试的主要评价指标有较高的相关关系,可作为30sWingate测试短道速滑项目运动员无氧能力时的一项辅助评价指标进行参考.由于30sWingate与短道速滑项目在运动学特征、生物学特征有高度相似性,通过30sWingate实验及实验后血乳酸的特点来评价短道速滑运动员无氧代谢能力具有可行性和有效性.研究短道速滑项目运动员无氧代谢能力的可靠评定指标对于在训练期间遵循项目特点,制定符合专项能力的训练方案和计划是非常重要的.This paper analyzes the anaerobic ability of athletes at different sports levels in short track speed skating,so as to provide theoretical and practical basis for the physical function evaluation,sports training and scientific selection of short track speed skating athletes.The anaerobic power was measured by 30 s Wingate experiment,and the blood lactic acid at different time points after 30 s Wingate experiment was measured by portable blood lactic acid analyzer.The results showed that the maximum and average power of 30 s Wingate anaerobic power of first grade short track speed skaters were significantly better than those of second grade athletes(P<0.05);After 30 s Wingate anaerobic test,the peak level of blood lactate in first grade athletes of short track speed skating was significantly higher than that of in second grade athletes(P<0.05);Blood lactic acid has a high correlation with the main evaluation indexes of 30 s Wingate anaerobic power test,which can be used as an auxiliary evaluation index for 30 s Wingate to test the anaerobic ability of short track speed skaters.Due to the high similarity in kinematic and biological characteristics between 30 s Wingate and short track speed skating,it is feasible and effective to evaluate the anaerobic metabolism ability of short track speed skaters through 30 s Wingate experiment and the characteristics of blood lactic acid after the experiment.Reliable evaluation index for anaerobic metabolism ability of short track speed skaters is important for making training plans in line with the characteristics of the sport.

关 键 词：短道速滑运动员 无氧功 血乳酸 

分 类 号：G862[文化科学—体育训练]