集束丸粒化种子直播对水稻茎秆形态及产量构成的影响  

Effects of Direct Seeding of Cluster Pelleted Seeds on Stem Morphology and Yield Composition of Rice

作　　者：赵海新[1] 蔡永盛[1] 杜晓东[1] 陈书强[1] 张志强[1] 黄晓群[1] 李想 潘国君[1] ZHAO Hai-xin;CAI Yong-sheng;DU Xiao-dong;CHEN Shu-qiang;ZHANG Zhi-qiang;HUANG Xiao-qun;LI Xiang;PAN Guo-jun(Rice Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154026,China;Heilongjiang Agricultural Machinery Engineering Research Institute,Jiamusi 154004,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154026 [2]黑龙江省农业机械工程研究院,黑龙江佳木斯154004

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第3期1-8,共8页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2021-2-B001);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200200,2016YFD0300504)。

摘　　要：为了明确水稻集束丸粒化种子直播群体的特点,本研究采用黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所研制的集束种子配方生产的水稻集束丸粒化种子为试材,调查集束种子和裸籽直播对水稻茎秆形态和产量的影响。结果表明:相对裸籽直播,集束丸粒化种子直播群体茎秆第1、2节间显著伸长;第3、4节间长显著和极显著缩短,群体的株高降低;节间直径和节直径均显著或极显著增加,并且由上至下幅度呈递增趋势。集束种子直播群体有效分蘖穗数、穗颖花数、穗实粒数、千粒重显著增加,同时空粒数和空秕率亦有所增加。使用集束种子直播显著和极显著地促进了一次枝梗和二次枝梗发育,二次枝梗发育优势更加显著。集束种子直播田,种子播量可节约55%左右,成苗率达95%左右,抗稻瘟病和抗倒伏性均大幅度提高。群体茎数动态曲线表明,集束种子直播群体平均穴茎数和平方米茎数呈更加合理的动态规律,且有效穗率显著提高。中后期株高增速相对裸籽直播明显下降,表明集束种子直播群体竞争性生长压力较低,可改善群体内部竞争环境,对提升产量具有绝对的优势。In order to clarify the characteristics of direct seeding population of rice cluster pelleted seeds,the rice cluster pelleted seeds produced by the Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as test materials to investigate the effects of cluster naked seed and direct seeding on stem morphology and yield of rice.The results showed that the first and second internodes of the stem of the direct seeding population of cluster pelleted seeds were significantly elongated compared with the direct seeding of bare seeds;The length of the 3rd and 4th internodes was significantly and extremely significantly shortened,and the plant height of the population was reduced;Internode diameter and internode diameter increased significantly or very significantly,and showed an increasing trend from top to bottom.The number of effective tillers,spikelets per panicle,full grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight increased significantly,while the number of empty grains and empty chaff rate also increased.Direct seeding with cluster seeds significantly and extremely significantly promoted the development of primary and secondary branches,and the development advantage of secondary branches was more significant.In the cluster seed direct seeding field,the seed sowing amount could be saved by about 55%,the seedling rate could reach about 95%,and the resistance to rice blast and lodging could be greatly improved.The dynamic curve of population stem number showed that the average number of hole stems and square meter stems of cluster seed direct seeding population showed a more reasonable dynamic law,and the effective panicle rate increased significantly.In the middle and late stage,the growth rate of plant height decreased significantly compared with naked seed direct seeding,indicating that the competitive growth pressure of cluster seed direct seeding population was low,which could improve the internal competitive environment of the population and had an absolute advantage in increasing yield.

关 键 词：水稻 集束 丸粒化种子 直播 群体 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]