不同秸秆还田模式对玉米田杂草发生规律的影响  

Effects of Different Straw Returning Modes on Occurrence Regularity of Weeds in Maize Field

作　　者：王宇[1] 郭玉莲[1] 罗婵[1] 丛克强[1] 苏保华[1] WANG Yu;GUO Yu-lian;LUO Chan;CONG Ke-qiang;SU Bao-hua(Plant Protection Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Observation and Experiment Station of Crop Pests of Harbin,Ministry of Agriculture,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部哈尔滨作物有害生物科学观测实验站,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第3期38-42,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201803);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX14)。

摘　　要：为精准制定玉米田杂草防控措施,在秸秆地表覆盖还田、秸秆碎混还田、秸秆翻埋还田的玉米田每隔7 d调查杂草出现种类和出现数量并分析发生规律。结果表明:秸秆地表覆盖还田、秸秆翻埋还田的玉米田有8种杂草发生,秸秆碎混还田的玉米田有9种杂草发生,杂草发生种类和主要杂草种类基本相同。杂草累计发生量在秸秆翻埋还田的玉米田最多,秸秆覆盖还田的玉米田最少。秸秆翻埋还田和秸秆碎混还田模式玉米播种7 d后杂草开始出现,秸秆地表覆盖还田玉米播种14 d后杂草出现。2018年3种模式杂草发生高峰均在6月21日。2019年秸秆翻埋还田模式杂草发生高峰在5月31日,秸秆碎混还田和秸秆地表覆盖还田模式杂草发生高峰在6月8日。由此得出,不同秸秆还田模式对玉米田杂草多样性的影响不大;秸秆翻埋还田和秸秆碎混还田的玉米田杂草比秸秆地表覆盖还田早出苗7 d;3种模式下杂草发生高峰在相同时间或相差7 d。In order to accurately formulate weed control measures in maize field,the species and quantities of weeds were investigated every 7 days in the maize field of straw mulching returning,straw crushing returning and straw ploughing returning,and analyzed the occurrence regularity.The results showed that 8 kinds of weeds occurred in straw mulching returning or straw ploughing returning field,while 9 kinds of weeds in straw crushing returning field.The weed species and main weed species of the three modes were the same.The total amount of weeds was the most in straw ploughing returning field and the least in straw mulching returning field.Weeds began to emerge after 7 days of corn sowing in the straw crushing returning and straw ploughing returning field,while 14 days in straw mulching returning field.In 2018,the peak of weed occurrence in the three modes was on June 21^(st).In 2019,the peak of weed occurrence in straw ploughing returning field was on May 31^(st),and in straw crushing returning and straw mulching returning field was on June 8^(th).Therefore,the different straw returning modes had little effect on weed diversity in the corn field.The occurrence of weeds in straw crushing returning and straw ploughing returning fields were 7 days earlier than that in straw mulching returning field.The three modes of weed occurrence peak were at the same time or 7 days apart.

关 键 词：秸秆还田模式 地表覆盖还田 碎混还田 翻埋还田 玉米田 杂草 发生规律 

分 类 号：S45[农业科学—植物保护]