不同蜜蜂授粉方式对立架厚皮甜瓜授粉效果的影响  

Effects of Different Bee Pollination Methods on Pollination Effect of Vertical-culture Muskmelon

作　　者：张伯虎 朱雪荣 问亚军 张永民 王楠 李武成 姚怀亮 ZHANG Bo-hu;ZHU Xue-rong;WEN Ya-jun;ZHANG Yong-min;WANG Nan;LI Wu-cheng;YAO Huai-liang(Weinan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Weinan 714000,China;Horticultural Station of Baishui County,Baishui 715600,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南市农业科学研究院,陕西渭南714000 [2]白水县园艺站,陕西白水715600

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第3期60-63,共4页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：为研究推广立架厚皮甜瓜蜜粉授粉技术,降低瓜农的劳动强度和成本,本研究设计了6种不同蜜蜂授粉方式,调查其对厚皮甜瓜的授粉效果。结果表明:蜂箱放置在棚内的授粉坐果率显著高于蜂箱放置在棚外,白糖水或蜜蜂活动增强剂保丽蕊不能有效吸引蜜蜂进棚授粉,每667 m^(2)的棚内放置3脾蜜蜂效果最好;蜜蜂授粉的单瓜重、纵横径与人工氯吡脲授粉差异不显著,中心糖含量、边糖含量分别提高6.31%、13.36%,畸形、裂瓜率降低5.74百分点。总之,立架甜瓜生产中,蜜蜂授粉可以替代人工授粉,且能提高甜瓜品质,但要注意蜜蜂授粉的方法。In order to study and popularize the bee pollination technology of vertical-culture muskmelon and reduce the labor intensity and cost of melon farmers,this study designed the pollination effect of six different bees pollination methods on muskmelon.The results showed that the pollination fruit setting rate of beehives placed in the shed was significantly higher than that of beehives placed outside the shed.Sugar water or bee activity enhancer could not effectively attract bees into the shed for pollination.The effect of placing 3 rows of bees in each 667 m^(2) shed was the most effective.There was no significant difference in the single melon weight,vertical and horizontal diameter of fruit between bee-pollinated and artificial pollination with chlorpyrifos.The central sugar content and border sugar content of melon pollinated by bees were 6.31%and 13.36%higher than those of artificial pollination,respectively,and the rate of deformity and cracking was decreased by 5.74 percentage point.In conclusion,bee pollination can replace artificial pollination and improve the quality of melon,but be careful about the methods.

关 键 词：厚皮甜瓜 蜜蜂授粉 蜂箱位置 授粉效果 

分 类 号：S89[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]