基于红外相机监测的梵净山同域分布毛冠鹿和小麂活动节律研究  

Activity Rhythm Analysis of Sympatric Elaphodus cephalophus and Muntiacus reevesi Based on Camera-Traps in the Fanjingshan Mountains

作　　者：谢波 王丞 樊涵 蒙秉顺 胡灿实[1] 李海波 李佳琦 粟海军[1] 张明明[1] XIE Bo;WANG Cheng;FAN Han;MENG Bingshun;HU Canshi;LI Haibo;LI Jiaqi;SU Haijun;ZHANG Mingming(College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Research Center for Biodiversity and Nature Conservation of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve Administration, Jiangkou, Guizhou Province 554400, China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州大学生物多样性与自然保护研究中心,贵阳550025 [2]贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州江口554400 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《四川动物》2022年第2期175-183,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：生态环境部——生物多样性保护专项(MM-2016-029);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2842号);黔科合平台人才[2018]5781-39号。

摘　　要：为了掌握同域分布毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus和小麂Muntiacus reevesi的日活动节律、时间生态位的分化情况及二者的共存模式。于2019年1月—2020年12月利用红外相机对贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区内同域分布的毛冠鹿和小麂进行监测,并使用核密度估计法和重叠指数进行计算分析。结果表明:(1)毛冠鹿旱季、雨季的日活动节律呈双峰模式,活动峰值出现在06∶00—08∶00、18∶00—20∶00,但早上活动强度较低;与雨季相比,旱季早上的活动高峰推迟2 h,雨、旱季傍晚活动峰值出现的时间基本一致。(2)小麂雨季的日活动节律呈双峰模式,在06∶00—08∶00、18∶00—20∶00出现活动高峰,旱季则在06∶00—08∶00、18∶00—20∶00、22∶00—24∶00出现3个活动高峰。与雨季相比,旱季早上的活动高峰推迟2 h,雨、旱季傍晚活动峰值出现的时间基本一致,旱季夜间活动强度高于雨季。(3)毛冠鹿和小麂旱季日活动节律重叠指数较高、雨季较低。本研究以毛冠鹿和小麂的日活动节律模式为基础,聚焦于二者在时间生态位上的分化方式和共存机制,可为深入研究和保护管理这2个物种提供科学依据。In order to understand the daily activity,temporal niche partitioning,and coexistence mechanism of sympatric species.Camera-traps were used to monitor Elaphodus cephalophus and Muntiacus reevesi in the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou from January 2019 to December 2020.Daily activity and temporal niche partitioning of the 2 species were analyzed by using kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap supported by the“overlap”statistical package in R.The results showed that:(1)the daily activity rhythm of E.cephalophus in the dry and rainy seasons shows a bimodal pattern with the peak activity occurring at 06∶00-08∶00 and 18∶00-20∶00,but the activity intensity in the morning is lower.The peak activity of E.cephalophus in the dry season is 2 hours later than that in the rainy season.The peak time of the activity in the evening remained nearly the same as that in the rainy and dry seasons.(2)The daily activity rhythm of M.reevesi in the rainy season also presents a bimodal pattern with the peak activity occurs at 06∶00-08∶00 and 18∶00-20∶00,and occurs at 06∶00-08∶00,18∶00-20∶00 and 22∶00-24∶00 in the dry season.The activity peak of M.reevesi in the dry season is 2 hours later in the morning than that in the rainy season,and the peak time of activity in the evening remained nearly the same.The activity intensity at night in the rainy season is lower than that in the dry season.(3)The overlap index of the daily activity patterns of E.cephalophus and M.reevesi in the dry season(0.68)is higher than that in the rainy season(0.45).In conclusion,this study will provide scientific basis for further research and conservation management of E.cephalophus and M.reevesi.

关 键 词：毛冠鹿 小麂 日活动节律 红外相机 梵净山国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]