采伐强度对杉阔混交人工林凋落物及土壤理化性质的影响  

Impact of cutting intensity on litter and soil physicochemical properties of mixed plantations of Cunninghamia lanceolata and broadleaved trees

作　　者：周成军 巫志龙 周新年 邱仁辉 ZHOU Chengjun;WU Zhilong;ZHOU Xinnian;QIU Renhui(College of Transportation and Civil Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学交通与土木工程学院,福州350002 [2]国家林业和草原局杉木工程技术研究中心,福州350002

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第1期145-151,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30972359);国家“工程索道”精品资源共享课项目(111zj0588);福建省林业厅科学基金项目(K851310301);福建省教育厅项目(JAT 170172);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2016036);福建省工程索道工程技术研究中心开放课题基金项目(ptjh16006)资助。

摘　　要：探讨不同采伐强度对杉阔混交人工林凋落物及土壤理化性质的影响,评价采伐后林地土壤质量恢复效果,选择适宜采伐强度,可为森林可持续经营提供科学依据.以闽北杉阔混交人工林为研究对象,实施不同强度采伐,采伐强度(蓄积量强度)分别为中度择伐34.6%、强度择伐48.6%、极强度择伐67.6%和皆伐,设未采伐对照;基于采伐后当年、3年后和5年后连续调查与试验数据,分析采伐强度对林地凋落物及土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明:中度择伐显著提高凋落物现存量和凋落物中5种元素(N、P、K、Ca和Mg)的全效养分总储量(P<0.05),强度和极强度择伐均无显著变化(P>0.05),皆伐显著降低(P<0.05);中度择伐林地土壤团聚体破坏率和土壤水分与孔隙状况各指标均无显著变化(P>0.05),显著提高土壤全K和速效K含量(P<0.05),其余土壤化学指标均无显著变化(P>0.05);强度和极强度以及皆伐显著提高土壤密度和团聚体破坏率(P<0.05),强度择伐显著降低土壤最大持水量、非毛管孔隙度和全N含量(P<0.05),极强度择伐显著降低土壤最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量、总孔隙度、速效P含量(P<0.05),皆伐显著降低土壤水分与孔隙状况以及土壤化学性质各指标(P<0.05);林地土壤质量恢复效果评价结果为中度择伐>未采伐>强度择伐>极强度择伐>皆伐.综上,强度、极强度择伐和皆伐下,林地土壤质量降低,土壤地力恢复较慢;中度择伐林地土壤质量得到了恢复和改善,实际生产中宜采用中度择伐.The objective of this study was to explore the impact of cutting intensity on litter and soil physicochemical properties in mixed plantations of Cunninghamia lanceolata and broadleaved trees,evaluate the restoration effects of soil quality after cutting,identify the appropriate cutting intensity,and provide a scientific basis for sustainable forest management.Taking the mixed plantations of C.lanceolata and broadleaved trees in the northern Fujian Province in China as the subject of our study,selective harvesting and clear harvesting were used as experimental treatments,with no cutting serving as the control in August 2011.Selective harvesting was performed at three intensities:medium intensity(34.6%removal of growing stock volume),high intensity(48.6%),and extra-high intensity(67.6%).Based on continuous surveying and test data in the year after cutting,three years post cutting,and five years post cutting,the impact of cutting intensity on the forest litter and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed.The results showed that the litter biomass and total nutrient content of five elements(N,P,K,Ca,and Mg)were significantly increased with selective harvesting at medium intensity(P<0.05)and no significant difference under selective harvesting at high and extra-high intensity(P>0.05).However,they were significantly decreased under clear harvesting(P<0.05).Under selective harvesting at medium intensity,there was no significant change in the damage-ratio of soil aggregate and all indices of soil moisture,pore properties(P>0.05),soil total K,and available K content were significantly increased(P<0.05).There was no significant change in other indices of soil chemical properties(P>0.05).Under selective harvesting at high and extra-high intensity as well as clear harvesting,the soil bulk density and structure damage percentage were significantly increased(P<0.05).The maximum water-holding capacity,non-capillary porosity,and total N content of the soil were significantly decreased under selective harvesting at high inten

关 键 词：采伐强度 凋落物 土壤理化性质 杉阔混交人工林 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]