四川湿地鸟类粪便中的病毒多样性  

Microbial diversity in the wetland birds of Sichuan Province

作　　者：文陇英[1] 刘方庆 杨军 戴波[1] 杜超豪[1] WEN Longying;LIU Fangqing;YANG Jun;DAI Bo;DU Chaohao(Key Laboratory of Sichuan Institute for Protecting Endangered Birds in the Southwest Mountains,College of Life Sciences,Leshan Normal University,Leshan 614000,China;Qionghai National Wetland Park Conservation Centre,Xichang 615000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南山地濒危鸟类保护四川省高等学校重点实验室,乐山师范学院生命科学学院,乐山614000 [2]西昌市邛海国家湿地公园保护中心,西昌615000

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第1期201-207,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31372171);国家林草局项目(2130211);四川省科技厅重点项目(2018JY0090);乐山师范学院科技项目(CGZZ202002)资助。

摘　　要：鸟类的病毒主要来自环境,湿地是鸟类重要的栖息地,研究湿地鸟类病毒对于预防传染病传播具有重要意义.对四川省具有代表性的湿地鸟类粪便进行RNA高通量测序分析,共鉴定出275种微生物,其中节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)噬菌体普遍存在,在高原湿地若尔盖和邛海丰度尤其高,另外最高丰度为36的登氏菌属噬菌体(Gordonia phage)也在这两个高原湿地中.病原微生物主要是植物病毒,柏林湖普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)含黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus),桫椤湖棕头鸦雀(Paradoxorniswebbianus)和滟澜洲红尾水鸲(Rhyacornisfuliginosus)含青枯菌属病毒(Ralstonia virus),桫椤湖棕头鸦雀还含有危害严重的核盘菌线粒体病毒(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus)、稻瘟病菌病毒(Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus)、甘蓝蚜虫病毒(Brevicoryne brassicae virus)等,尤其还从中发现了与禽流感病毒相似且较高丰度为27的蝙蝠软腐病毒(Bat iflavirus)短序列;南河小白鹭则不含病原微生物.本研究表明桫椤湖棕头鸦雀所含的病原微生物种类最多,提示该湿地公园应为病毒重点检测地点;南河小白鹭及其栖息生境安全;鸟类微生物不仅能反映自身状况,同时与其栖息环境有关.Wetlands are important habitats for birds,and avian viruses mainly originate from the environment.Therefore,it is important to study wetland avian viruses to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.A total of 275 species of microorganisms were identified using high-throughput RNA sequencing of bird feces from typical wetlands in Sichuan Province of China.The phages Arthrobacter,Microbacterium,Rhodococcus,and Pseudomonas were universally abundant.Their abundance was particularly high in the plateau wetlands of Ruo’ergai and Qionghai,where the highest abundant Gordonia phages(36 phages)were also found.The pathogenic microorganisms found in the study were mainly plant viruses.Cucumber mosaic virus was found in the common cormorant(Phalacrocorax carbo)of Berlinhu.The Ralstonia virus was found in the vinous-throated parrotbill(Paradoxornis webbianus)of Suoluohu and in the plumbeous water redstart(Rhyacornis fuliginosus)of Yanlanzhou.Furthermore,highly harmful Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mitovirus,Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus,Brevicoryne brassicae,and a short sequence of bat iflavirus(with high abundance of 27,similar to avian influenza)were found in P.webbianus in Suoluohu.The results showed that the Wetland Park of Suoluohu had a high virus detection rate,with the most diverse pathogenic microorganisms found in P.webbianus,indicating that it should be a key testing site for viruses.No pathogenic microorganisms were found in the little egret(Egretta garzetta)of Nanhe,which indicated that E.garzetta and its habitat were safe.The results of this study suggest that bird microorganisms are not only related to the condition of birds but also to the habitat with which the birds are associated.

关 键 词：湿地 鸟类 RNA高通量测序 病原微生物 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]