红球菌的组学、遗传改造及其应用研究进展  

Research advance in omics,genetic modification,and application of Rhodococcus

作　　者：吴金芳 张雨潇 彭仁[1] WU Jinfang;ZHANG Yuxiao;PENG Ren(College of Life Science,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;College of Life Science and Bioengineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330022 [2]北京工业大学生命科学与生物工程学院,北京100124

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第1期239-246,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960011,31560018)资助。

摘　　要：红球菌是一类专性好氧的革兰氏阳性菌,其种类多样、分布广泛.红球菌因其具有多种水解酶、合成酶以及能够降解许多异源化学物质而备受关注.综述红球菌的组学研究、遗传改造以及在生产实践中的应用.人们利用基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等各种组学手段解析了红球菌能够降解污染物质、产生活性物质、积累脂质以及适应胁迫环境的分子机制,并寻找出相应的基因,同时对一些有应用前景的菌株进行了各种方式的遗传改造以提高它们的利用价值.由于红球菌在代谢方面具有多能性,因此它们在环境治理、生物合成与转化以及医药、生物能源等领域都具有广泛的应用价值.在今后红球菌的研究中,需要不断地引入各种组学新技术来推进红球菌的深入研究,整合基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学数据来挖掘新的基因,开发基因组编辑等新的遗传工具箱以及解析其响应环境刺激的信号转导通路.Rhodococcus is a group of obligate,aerobic,gram-positive bacteria that has a wide variety of species and is widely distributed.Rhodococcus species are frequently studied because they possess multiple hydrolases and synthases and can degrade many xenobiotics.This paper reviews omics research,genetic modification,and practical applications of the genus Rhodococcus.The molecular mechanisms of pollutant degradation,active compound production,lipid accumulation,and adaptation to environmental stress are interpreted using genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabonomics,and the corresponding genes are analyzed.At the same time,some strains have been genetically modified to increase their application value.Rhodococcus has various applications in the fields of environmental management,biotransformation,medicine,and biofuel because of its versatility in metabolism.In future research related to Rhodococcus,new omics technologies are required to advance in-depth research on Rhodococcus.Genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics data have been integrated to identify new genes.Novel genetic tool kits such as genome editing have been developed,and signal transduction pathways in response to environmental stimuli have been analyzed.

关 键 词：红球菌属 分类 组学 遗传改造 生产应用 

分 类 号：Q933[生物学—微生物学]