足细胞损伤机制的研究进展  

Research progress on the mechanism of podocyte injury

作　　者：李涵 葛许华[1] 缪红军[1] LI Han;GE Xuhua;MIAO Hongjun(Department of Emergency/Critical Medicine,Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学附属儿童医院急诊/重症医学科,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《南京医科大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期291-295,共5页Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：南京市医学科技发展资金(青年人才工程项目QRX17077)。

摘　　要：足细胞是维持肾小球滤过屏障的重要部分。遗传、免疫、感染等因素常导致足细胞结构完整性破坏及细胞代谢失调,导致足细胞足突融合,足细胞从肾小球基底膜脱离,引起蛋白尿,甚至肾小球硬化等肾脏疾病。而足细胞与神经细胞、肌肉细胞等永久细胞类似,是一种没有增殖潜能的细胞。因此,足细胞损伤在肾脏疾病的发病机制中至关重要。足细胞损伤引起的生理和功能改变并不是简单的被动过程,而是构成足细胞解剖结构的蛋白质之间的复杂相互作用。文章从足细胞骨架损伤、细胞核内转录因子异常、胞浆线粒体能量代谢异常、细胞内钙离子动态稳定性改变等方面对足细胞损伤的机制进行综述。Podocyte is an important part of maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier.Genetic,immune,infection and other factors often lead to the destruction of podocyte structural integrity and cell metabolism disorders,resulting in podocyte foot process fusion,podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane,causing proteinuria,and even glomerular sclerosis and other kidney diseases.However,podocytes,similar to permanent cells such as nerve cells and muscle cells,are cells with no proliferative potential.Therefore,podocyte injury is crucial in the pathogenesis of renal disease.The physiological and functional changes caused by podocyte injury are not simple passive processes,but complex interactions among proteins that constitute the anatomy of podocytes.This article reviews the mechanisms of podocyte injury from the aspects of cytoskeleton injury,abnormal transcription factors in the nucleus,abnormal energy metabolism of cytoplasmic mitochondria,and changes in intracellular calcium dynamic stability.

关 键 词：足细胞 足细胞损伤 机制 

分 类 号：R334.1[医药卫生—人体生理学]