共享经济背景下我国劳动关系认定标准的路径选择  

Path Selection of Recognition Standard of Labor Relations in China in Context of Sharing Economy

作　　者：杨浩楠[1] YANG Haonan

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2022年第2期100-112,共13页Law Review

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金后期资助项目“美国反就业歧视制度研究”(项目编号:21FFXB019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：共享经济背景下的互联网用工牵涉平台、消费者、网约工三方主体,且因网约工拥有一定从业自主权并提供部分生产资料,而有别于劳动者仅提供劳动力并以全然服从用人单位监督管理为主的典型劳动关系。在劳动关系倾斜保护和劳务关系不倾斜保护的二元制度设计中,互联网用工对劳动法制度的冲击主要表现为企业频繁借助互联网平台去劳动关系化,规避劳动法责任与义务。在劳动关系认定标准中强化对网约工合法权益的保护,有助于维护公平的市场竞争秩序和保障政府财政收入。基于我国国情,借鉴域外经验,完善我国劳动关系认定标准的路径如下:在认定模式层面继续坚持要件构成模式,在技术手段层面采用推定前置下的个案裁判,在理论依据层面适当纳入经济从属性要素。Cyber employment in sharing economy differentiates from traditional employment relations, because it involves platforms, consumers and cyber workers, and cyber workers have some job autonomy and offer part of tools or materials. In the dichotomy of employment relations’ inclined protection and service relations’ non-inclined protection, employers frequently use internet platforms to eliminate employment relations and evade labor law duties, which is the main influence on labor law caused by cyber employment. To enhance cyber workers legitimate rights in classification standards of employment relations help maintain fair market competitive order and guarantee governments’ revenues. Based on China’s realities and US experience, China’s classification standards of employment relations could be improved through the following paths: to insist on constitutive requirements, adopt a rebuttable presumption and rule on an individual basis, and properly absorb economic dependence theory.

关 键 词：共享经济 劳动关系 控制权测试标准 经济现实测试标准 ABC测试标准 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]