菠萝果眼形成的组织形态学观察  

Histological Observation of Eye Formation in Pineapple

作　　者：吴竞 何业华[1] 张伟[1] 刘朝阳 龚雪[1] 薛彪 刘佳柔 栾爱萍[1] 林文秋[1] 甘吉昌 钟乙中 廖志婵 邱梦青 李晶晶 WU Jing;HE Yehua;ZHANG Wei;LIU Chaoyang;GONG Xue;XUE Biao;LIU Jiarou;LUAN Aiping;LIN Wenqiu;GAN Jichang;ZHONG Yizhong;LIAO Zhichan;QIU Mengqing;LI Jingjing(Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,农业农村部华南地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《园艺学报》2022年第2期293-303,共11页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000500,2018YFD1000500);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020202011);广东省级乡村振兴战略专项(2019-73)。

摘　　要：以不同菠萝种质的顶芽、花和果实为材料,通过组织切片和解剖观察果眼形成过程,测定和分析果眼相关组织器官的动态变化。菠萝果眼形成过程分为花腔分化、花腔发育和果眼发育3个阶段。花腔是果眼的早期形态,其分化和发育过程约需70d;而坐果标志着果眼发育阶段的起始。花腔形态分化是从花萼分化开始,至花盘(含花托和子房)分化结束;催花后14 d顶芽基部首先出现花萼原基分化,自下而上,35 d时花腔分化结束,花序顶部花腔形态分化完成时间比基部迟7 d左右。形态分化完成后进入花腔发育阶段,催花36~42 d是花腔膨大高峰期,此时深、浅果眼品种的花腔深度开始出现显著差异,此后膨大逐渐减缓;品种间花盘的绝对生长量相差不大,花腔的加深主要取决于花萼的生长。坐果后进入果眼发育期,随着果实迅速膨大,萼筒背腹面生长不均衡,宿萼向内弯曲;但宿萼弯曲速度和生长停止时间因品种而异,浅果眼品种‘MD-2’宿萼伸长生长量小、内弯迅速,深果眼品种‘金筒’宿萼则生长量较大、内弯缓慢。果眼加深主要在坐果后14 d内,坐果约70 d时果眼的形态和大小已不再变化。根据成熟果实中部果眼的深浅,可将菠萝种质划分为浅(果眼深<0.9 cm)、中(果眼深0.9~1.2 cm)、深(果眼深> 1.2 cm)3个类型;不同类型品种间花盘深度没有明显差异(约0.29 cm),果眼深浅差异主要由宿萼高度的不同引起,而宿萼的弯曲程度和生长量是导致类型间宿萼高度及小果凸出度出现差异的主要原因。因此,菠萝果眼形成始于花芽分化,花萼生长发育对果眼的形态和深浅产生重大影响,品种间果眼形态差异主要由坐果14d内萼筒部背腹面生长量不均衡引起,而果眼深浅差异主要发生在花萼发育的前7 d(催花36~42 d)。The formation and development of fruit eyes were observed,the dynamic changes of tissues and organs related to fruit eyes were measured and analyzed by histological section and anatomy,using the crown,flower and fruit from different pineapple germplasm as the research materials. Three stages for the developmental of pineapple fruit eye,including antrum differentiation,antrum development and fruit eye development were divided,according to the formation processes.The flower cavity is the early morphology of fruit eye,and its differentiation and development lead to the formation of fruit eye,which takes about 70 days(d),and the fruit setting is the sign for the beginning of fruit eye development stage. The morphological differentiation of flower cavity begins with calyx differentiation and ends with disk(receptacle and ovary)differentiation. 14 days after the flower induction,the calyx primordium differentiation is firstly observed in the bractus axils at the base of flower buds,from bottom to top. All the antrum differentiation in the inflorescence was finished until 35 days after the flower induction,while the antrum morphological differentiation of the florets at the top of inflorescence was about 7 d later than that at the base. The size,morphology and structure of the flower cavity are changed by the growth and development of flower organs during the flowering process. The peak period of the flower cavity enlargement is the first week after the completion of the morphological differentiation(36 to 42 d after flower induction). At this time,significant differences for the depth of the flower cavity were found between the pineapple varieties with deep and shallow fruit eyes,and then the expansion slows down gradually. There was no significant difference in the absolute growth of flower disc among different cultivars,so the deepening of flower cavity mainly depended on the growth of calyx. The fruit eyes start to develop after the fruit setting. With the rapid expansion of fruit,the growth of the dorsal and ventra

关 键 词：菠萝 花腔分化 果眼 花萼 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]