Toxic metals and metalloids:Uptake,transport,detoxification,phytoremediation,and crop improvement for safer food  

作　　者：Fang-Jie Zhao Zhong Tang Jia-Jun Song Xin-Yuan Huang Peng Wang 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China

出　　处：《Molecular Plant》2022年第1期27-44,共18页分子植物（英文版）

基　　金：This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(41930758,31972500,and 31520103914).

摘　　要：Agricultural soils are under threat of toxic metal/metalloid contamination from anthropogenic activities,leading to excessive accumulation of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and mercury(Hg)in food crops that poses significant risks to human health.Understanding how these toxic metals and their methylated species are taken up,translocated,and detoxified is prerequisite to developing strategies to limit their accumulation for safer food.Toxic metals are taken up and transported across different cellular compart-ments and plant tissues via various transporters for essential or beneficial nutrients,e.g.As by phosphate and silicon transporters,and Cd by manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)transporters.These transport processes are subjected to interactions with nutrients and the regulation at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.Complexation with thiol-rich compounds,such as phytochelatins,and sequestration in the vacuoles are the common mechanisms for detoxification and for limiting their translocation.A num-ber of genes involved in toxic metal uptake,transport,and detoxification have been identified,offering tar-gets for genetic manipulation via gene editing or transgenic technologies.Natural variations in toxic metal accumulation exist within crop germplasm,and some of the quantitative trait loci underlying these variations have been cloned,paving the way for marker-assisted breeding of low metal accumulation crops.Using plants to extract and remove toxic metals from soil is also possible,but this phytoremediation approach requires metal hyperaccumulation for efficiency.Knowledge gaps and future research needs are also discussed.

关 键 词：toxic metals/metalloids heavy metals transporters DETOXIFICATION PHYTOREMEDIATION food safety 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]