跳台滑雪起跳和早期飞行阶段生物力学研究进展  

A Systematic Review of Research on the Biomechanics of Take-off and Early Flight of Ski Jumping

作　　者：曹峰锐 伍勰[1] 唐伟棣[1] 所向 杨宸灏 刘宇 CAO Fengrui;WU Xie;TANG Weidi;SUO Xiang;YANG Chenhao;LIU Yu(Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;School of Physical Education,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院“运动健身科技”教育部重点实验室,上海200438 [2]太原理工大学体育学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2022年第1期35-44,共10页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项“冬季项目运动员技能优化关键技术研究”(项目编号:2018YFF0300500)。

摘　　要：跳台滑雪是冬奥会比赛项目,包括助滑、起跳、飞行和落地4个阶段,其中飞行阶段又细分为早期和后期飞行阶段。飞行距离是决定跳台滑雪成绩的重要因素。起跳阶段被认为是影响飞行距离的最重要阶段。由于起跳阶段为早期飞行阶段创造了飞行的初始条件,因而早期飞行阶段也被认为是影响飞行距离的关键阶段。对跳台滑雪项目运动员起跳和早期飞行动作进行生物力学测试和分析,可以了解运动员在此阶段的身体运动姿态特征,起到优化动作技术和提高运动成绩的作用。本文对跳台滑雪起跳和早期飞行阶段运动员身体生物力学的测试分析研究文献进行了综述。研究表明,起跳阶段运动员身体运动学参数与跳跃距离存在相关关系,运动员在尽可能利用速度的前提下,下肢需要具备强大的蹬伸能力,特别要掌握好起跳时机和起跳方向,为早期飞行阶段创造有利于飞行的空气动力学条件。Ski jumping,an event of the Olympic Winter Games,includes four stages:in-run,take-off,flight,and landing. The flight stage consists of the early and late flight stage. Flying distance is an important factor to determine the performance of ski jumping. The take-off stage is considered to be the most important stage affecting the flight distance. Because the take-off stage creates the initial conditions for the early flight stage,the early flight stage is also considered to be a key stage affecting the flight distance. The biomechanics analysis of the take-off and early flight movements of ski jumpers can help us understand the characteristics of their body posture at this stage,and plays an important role in optimizing movement techniques and improving performance. This paper summarizes the literature on the biomechanics of the take-off and early flight stages of ski jumping. The study shows that there is a correlation between the kinematic parameters of athletes’ movements and the jumping distance at the take-off stage. On the premise of using the speed as much as possible,athletes need to have a strong capacity for pedaling and extending their lower limbs,and in particular,they need to master the timing and direction of take-off to create aerodynamic conditions conducive to flight at the early flight stage.

关 键 词：跳台滑雪 起跳 早期飞行 生物力学 

分 类 号：G863.12[文化科学—体育训练]