催收非法债务行为的犯罪认定界分  

Classifi cation of Convictions for the Wrongdoings of Collecting Illegal Debts

作　　者：李霁 LI Ji

机构地区：[1]河北省石家庄市中级人民法院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2022年第1期254-265,共12页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：《刑法》第293条之一催收非法债务罪对于高利贷或非法放贷的认定,应以市场报价利率(LPR)的4倍为基准,同时以36%的实际年利率作为区分非法债务为绝对违法债务与相对违法债务的基准,两种基准具有不同职能,可以在刑法体系中共存。以较轻程度的不法行为催收相对违法债务的场合,只以催收非法债务罪论处;以较轻程度的不法行为催收绝对违法债务的场合,可能构成敲诈勒索罪,与催收非法债务罪系想象竞合犯;以严重不法行为催收相对违法债务的场合,不构成财产犯罪,但可能构成侵犯人身权利犯罪,与催收非法债务罪系想象竞合犯;以严重不法行为催收绝对违法债务的场合,视情况构成抢劫罪或敲诈勒索罪,与催收非法债务罪系想象竞合犯。Article 293-1 of the Criminal Law determines the crime of collecting illegal debts.It stipulates that the determination of usury or illegal lending should be based on the benchmark rate four times as much as LPR.At the same time,the actual annual interest rate of 36% is a benchmark to distinguish absolutely illegal debt and relatively illegal debt in illegal debts.Two benchmarks have different functions and can coexist in the criminal law system.The case of collecting relatively illegal debts with a less serious degree of wrongdoings is only punished as the crime of collecting illegal debts;the case of collecting absolutely illegal debts with a less serious degree of wrongdoings may constitute the crime of extortion that is,the imaginary joinder of the crime of collecting illegal debts.The case of collecting relatively illegal debts with serious wrongdoings does not constitute a property crime,but may constitute personal rights crime,that is,the imaginary joinder of the crime of collecting illegal debts.In accordance with the situation,the case of collecting absolutely illegal debts with serious wrongdoings may constitute the crime of robbery or the crime of extortion that is the imaginary joinder of the crime of collecting illegal debts.

关 键 词：高利贷 相对违法债务 绝对违法债务 催收非法债务罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]