中草药对水霉病病原菌的抑制效果及作用机制的研究进展  

Research progress on inhibitory effect and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine on Saprolegniasis

作　　者：马箐阳 谷若曦 曹雨菲 黄璞祎[1] 郝丽[1] MA Qingyang;GU Ruoxi;CAO Yufei;HUANG Puyi;HAO Li(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第4期121-126,132,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572020BE01);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2017011);东北林业大学大学生创新训练项目(202010225121)。

摘　　要：水霉病是一种常见的鱼类疾病,给水产养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。中草药具有来源广、成本低、安全环保、不易产生耐药性等特点,近年来,应用其防治水霉病成为研究热点。笔者阐明了水霉病病原菌的致病机制,归纳整理了38科、60种有效抑制水霉病病原菌中草药的抑菌效果、提取方法、有效成分和安全性,并分析了中草药对水霉病病原菌的作用机制。结果表明:黄连、前胡、羌活、川楝子、大黄、苦参、丁香、凤尾蕨、使君子和油茶饼等对水霉病病原菌的抑菌效果显著;丙酮超声波法和水煎法是主要的提取方法;抑菌有效成分多为酚类和酮类;中草药对鱼类的有害影响小,安全性较高;提高鱼体的抗病能力和破坏水霉病病原菌菌体是中草药对水霉病病原菌的作用机制。Saprolegniasis is a common fish disease, which causes great economic loss to aquaculture industry. In recent years, Chinese herbal medicine has become a research hotspot in the prevention and control of Saprolegniasis due to its characteristics of wide sources, low cost, safety, environmental protection, and resistance to Saprolegniasis. The author elucidated the pathogenic mechanism of Saprolegniasis pathogen, and summarized the bacteriostasis effect, extraction method, active component and safety of 60 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine from 38 families that effectively inhibited Saprolegniasis pathogen. The action mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine on Saprolegniasis pathogen was also analyzed. The results showed that Coptis chinensis Franch.,Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn, Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T.Chang, Melia toosendanSieb.et Zucc., Rheum palmatum L., Sophora flavescens Alt., Syringa oblata Lindl.,Pteriscretica L. var.nervosa(Thunb.) Ching rt S.H.W,Quisqualis indica L.and Camellia oleifera Abel had significant bacteriostatic effect on the pathogen of Saprolegniasis. Acetone ultrasonic method and water decocting method were the main extraction methods. The antibacterial active components were mostly phenols and ketones. With high security, Chinese herbal medicine had little harmful effect on fish. The mechanism of action of Chinese herbal medicine on Saprolegniasis pathogen was to improve fish resistance and destroy Saprolegniasis pathogen.

关 键 词：水霉病 中草药 鱼类 抑菌效果 作用机制 

分 类 号：S941.43[农业科学—水产养殖]