草地利用方式对呼伦贝尔草地微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of grassland utilization on microbial community structure in Hulunbuir grassland

作　　者：王德平 宋倩[1] 刘忠宽[2] 赵坤 刘玉玲 肖红 曹婧 戎郁萍[1] WANG Deping;SONG Qian;LIU Zhongkuan;ZHAO Kun;LIU Yuling;XIAO Hong;CAO Jing;RONG Yuping(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Agriculture Resource and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第3期421-430,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31772653);重点研发计划(2016YFC0500603)。

摘　　要：草地土壤微生物是维持生态系统养分循环功能的关键要素,也是指示草地生态系统变化的敏感指标。通过对呼伦贝尔草地围封、刈割、放牧和开垦4种利用方式下的土壤微生物群落组成及土壤理化性状的研究,了解草地利用方式对草地微生物群落的影响。结果表明:1)草地开垦为农田后土壤全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)含量分别降低了41.45%和45.08%,电导率(EC)、速效磷(AP)分别增加了371.93%和139.40%;农田微生物群落磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)含量受碳、氮限制。2)刈割草地土壤细菌真菌、放线菌、革兰氏阳性菌(G^(+))、革兰氏阴性菌(G^(-))及微生物群落PLFA量显著高于围封草地、放牧草地和农田。3)将4种利用方式综合分析可知,TC、TN与土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、G^(+)菌、G^(-)菌及微生物群落PLFA量正相关,与AP、pH、EC负相关。因此,草地开垦为农田造成土壤碳、氮养分流失,进而降低微生物群落PLFA量;综合土壤养分及微生物群落考虑,不建议呼伦贝尔草地开垦为农田使用。Grassland soil microorganisms are key elements in maintaining the nutrient cycle function of ecosystems, and are sensitive indicators of changes in grassland ecosystems. Based on the study of soil microbial community composition and soil physicochemical properties under four utilization modes, namely enclosure, mowing, grazing, and reclamation in the Hulunbuir grassland, the effects of grassland utilization mode on grassland microbial communities were expounded. The results showed that: 1) After grassland reclamation, the soil total carbon(TC) and nitrogen(TN) content decreased by 41.45%and 45.08%, respectively, whereas the electrical conductivity(EC) and available phosphorus(AP) content increased by 371.93%and 139.93%, respectively, and the phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) content of the farmland microbial community was limited by carbon and nitrogen. 2) Compared with enclosed grassland, grazing grassland, and farmland, mowing significantly increased the PLFA of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, gram-positive bacteria(G^(+)), gram-negative bacteria(G^(-)), and microbial communities. 3) According to the comprehensive analysis of the four grassland utilization modes, TC and TN were positively correlated with PLFA content of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, G^(+), G^(-), and other microbial communities,while AP, p H, and EC were negatively correlated. Therefore, grassland reclamation resulted in soil carbon and nitrogen nutrient loss for farmland and further reduced the amount of PLFA in the microbial community. Considering the reduction in soil nutrients and PLFA in microbial communities, it is not recommended that Hulunbuir grasslands be reclaimed as farmland.

关 键 词：刈割 开垦 放牧 围封 PLFA 土壤理化性状 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]