禁牧年限对温性荒漠草地群落特征及土壤因子的影响  

Effects of grazing prohibition years on community characteristics and soil factors in temperate desert grassland

作　　者：郎鹏 王勇辉[1,3] 徐海量[2] 赵万羽[2] 刘星宏 金额斯别克·木哈德勒 哈勒哈什·唆坦哈机 库丽沙依拉·吾那提汗 LANG Peng;WANG Yonghui;XU Hailiang;ZHAO Wanyu;LIU Xinghong;Jinesibieke·Muhadele;Hlehashi·suotanhaji;Kulishayila·Wunatihan(School of Geography and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China;Grassland station,Fuyun of Aletai Region,Fuyun 836100,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [4]阿勒泰地区富蕴县林业与草原局,新疆富蕴836100

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第3期431-442,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：自治区国土空间生态修复标准研究和评估(一标段)干旱区微地形整治修复关键技术标准制定[JTZB(2021)-035(01)]。

摘　　要：为明确温性荒漠草地群落对围栏封育及土壤环境的响应,采取野外采样和室内试验相结合的方法,研究了不同禁牧年限(未禁牧、禁牧5年和禁牧9年)对春秋牧场草地群落特征及土壤养分特征的影响,为合理利用与管理春秋牧场提供理论依据。结果表明:随着禁牧年限的增加,草地群落的平均高度、平均盖度和生物量均显著高于未禁牧草地群落(P<0.05);未禁牧的草地群落平均密度显著高于禁牧5年和9年的草地群落(P<0.05)。不同禁牧年限Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的大小均表现为禁牧9年>禁牧5年>未禁牧,但禁牧5年草地群落空间分布较为均匀,而禁牧9年草地群落物种丰富度较高。典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,影响不同禁牧年限草地植被生长特征的主要土壤因子是土壤含水量(39.7%),其次为土壤pH (9.6%)。围栏禁牧可以显著提高草地生产力,并且对物种多样性有一定的促进作用,是应对退化温性草地群落恢复的有效措施。In order to clarify the response of temperate desert grassland community to enclosure and soil environment, field sampling and laboratory experiments were combined, and the effects of different grazing prohibition years(unforbidden grazing and grazing prohibition for 5 and 9 years) on grassland community characteristics and soil nutrient characteristics in spring and autumn pastures were studied to provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization and management of spring and autumn pastures. The results showed that with the increase in grazing prohibition years, the average height, coverage and biomass of grassland community were significantly higher than those of non-grazing prohibition grassland community(P <0.05). The average density of grassland community without grazing prohibition was significantly higher than that of grassland community with grazing prohibition for 5 and 9 years(P < 0.05). The Simpson and Shannon Wiener diversity indexes of different grazing prohibition years showed that grazing prohibition for 9 years > grazing prohibition for 5 years >no grazing prohibition, but the spatial distribution of grassland community in grazing prohibition for 5 years was more uniform, while the species richness of grassland community in grazing prohibition for 9 years was higher. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that the main soil factor affecting the growth characteristics of grassland vegetation in different grazing prohibition years was soil water content(39.7%), monitored by soil p H(9.6%). Enclosure grazing prohibition can thus significantly improve grassland productivity and promote species diversity. It is an effective measure to address the restoration of degraded temperate grassland community.

关 键 词：围栏封育 生长特征 多样性指数 土壤养分 典范对应分析 新疆 退化牧场 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]