硅肥对青藏高原高寒地区燕麦抗倒伏性状及种子产量的影响  

Effects of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance traits and seed yield of Avena sativa in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：杨钰洁 梁国玲[1] 刘文辉[1] 于万美 杨晶 段连学 YANG Yujie;LIANG Guoling;LIU Wenhui;YU Wanmei;YANG Jing;DUAN Lianxue(Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xi’ning 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第3期551-561,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项(2020-ZJ-Y03);高寒区抗倒伏燕麦新材料的选育(MKY-2019-01);青海省科技厅应用基础研究(2018-ZJ-751);现代农业产业技术体系建设(CARS)。

摘　　要：为明确硅肥对高寒区燕麦(Avena sativa)抗倒伏性及种子产量的影响,以‘青引2号’和‘青永久507’为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,设置4个硅肥处理(0、45、90、135 kg·hm^(-2)),研究施硅对燕麦抗倒伏性状及种子产量的影响。结果表明:随着施硅量增加,燕麦的根直径、根体积、根鲜干重,以及基部第2、3茎节的茎粗和秆壁厚均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势;‘青引2号’和‘青永久507’分别在施硅量为45和90 kg·hm^(-2)时根长、根直径、根体积、根鲜干重、茎粗、秆壁厚增加,茎秆基部第2、3茎节节长缩短,茎秆力学特性增强,种子产量最高,分别为2 323.08和2 038.43 kg·hm^(-2)。可见,施用硅肥可提高高寒区燕麦的抗倒伏能力及种子产量,但不同燕麦材料要根据其品种特性选择适宜的硅肥用量。This study aimed to explore the effects of different levels of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance traits and yield of oats(Avena sativa) in alpine region. Two cultivars of oat( ‘Qingyin No. 2’ and ‘QYJ507’) were used as the study materials. Four fertilizing rate(0, 45, 90, and 135 kg·ha^(-1)) of silicon were applied in a split-plot experimental design to reveal the effects of silicon application on lodging resistance traits and seed yield of oats. The results showed that the root diameter, root volume,fresh and dry weight of roots, stem thickness, and stalk wall thickness of the second and third stem nodes of oats increased first and then decreased with the increase in silicon fertilizer application. The root length, root diameter, root volume, fresh and dry weight of root, stem diameter, and stem wall thickness were increased, the lengths of the second and third internodes at the base were shortened, and the mechanical properties of the stalk were enhanced in ‘Qingyin No. 2’ and ‘QYJ507’ under45 and 90 kg·ha^(-1)treatments, respectively. Under the same treatments, the highest seed yields of 2 323.08 and 2 038.43kg·ha^(-1)were obtained for ‘Qingyin No. 2’ and ‘QYJ507’, respectively. Therefore, the application of silicon fertilizer can improve the lodging resistance and seed yield of oats in the alpine region, but the silicon fertilizing rate should depend on the characteristics of different varieties.

关 键 词：燕麦 硅肥 抗倒伏性 茎部性状 根部性状 力学特性 种子产量 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]