不同燕麦品种在迪庆高寒牧区的青贮潜力  

Silage potential of different oat cultivars in the alpine pastures of Diqing

作　　者：张冉 杨蔚 任健[1] 王文 许文花[1] 田健帆 刘莉 马向丽[1] ZHANG Ran;YANG Wei;REN Jian;WANG Wen;XU Wenhua;TIAN Jianfan;LIU Li;MA Xiangli(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China;Kunming Cigarette Factory of Hongyunhonghe Group,Kunming 650202,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Sheep Breeding Promotion Center,Kunming 655200,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]红云红河集团昆明卷烟厂,云南昆明650202 [3]云南省种羊繁育推广中心,云南寻甸655200

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第3期597-605,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项“绿色食品国际合作研究中心项目(2019ZG009)”;云南省重点研发项目(2018BB001)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜云南迪庆高寒牧区种植的优质青贮燕麦(Avena sativa)品种,本研究以11个饲用燕麦品种为材料,于云南省迪庆藏族自治州普达措国家公园进行生育期观测、常规青贮,60 d后测定青贮发酵品质及营养成分,并对比青贮前后营养品质差异,以期为云南省西北部高寒地区饲草缺乏问题提供解决方案。结果表明:1) 11个燕麦品种在迪庆州高寒牧区均能完成生育期,最高干草产量可达17 060.93 kg·hm^(-2)。2)青贮料开罐后,感官评价总分均在16分以上;8个燕麦品种具有较好的发酵品质,以‘ESK’的乳酸含量最高(P <0.05)。3)经青贮后,‘LAMPTON’干物质含量最高,‘贝勒Ⅱ’的粗蛋白含量最高(P <0.05),各品种纤维含量有所下降。综合评价8个燕麦品种青贮营养和发酵品质发现,‘贝勒Ⅱ’(r=0.808 5)、‘ESK’(r=0.749 5)、‘贝勒’(r=0.737 3)具有较高的综合青贮品质,可在迪庆高寒牧区作为青贮燕麦推广种植。To select high-quality silage oat(Avena sativa) suitable for planting in the alpine pastures of Diqing, 11 cultivars were tested for growth period and conventional silage in the Pudatsuo National Park, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province. Specifically, the fermentation quality and nutritional composition of silage were assessed after 60 days.Differences in nutritional quality before and after silage were compared to solve the problem of forage deficiency in the alpine areas of northwestern Yunnan. The following results were noted. 1) The 11 oat cultivars tested completed the reproductive period in the alpine pastures of Diqing, reaching the highest hay yield of 17 060.93 kg·ha^(-1). 2) After silage, the total sensory evaluation score exceeded 16;eight oat cultivars showed better fermentation quality;and the highest lactic acid content was noted in ‘ESK’(P < 0.05). 3) After silage, ‘LAMPTON’ showed the highest dry matter content;‘Baler II’ showed the highest crude protein content(P < 0.05);and fiber content decreased in all cultivars. Comprehensive analysis of the nutritional and fermentation quality of silage from eight oat cultivars revealed that ‘Baler II’(r = 0.808 5), ‘ESK’(r = 0.749 5), and ‘Baler’(r = 0.737 3) showed better silage quality, warranting promotion and cultivation as silage oat in the alpine pastures of Diqing.

关 键 词：高寒牧区 燕麦 生育期 产量 青贮 营养价值 发酵品质 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]