禁牧后伊犁绢蒿荒漠植被特征年际动态变化  

Interannual Dynamic Changes of Vegetation Characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense in Desert Grassland after Grazing Prohibition

作　　者：董楚珺 董乙强 安沙舟[1,2,3] 阿斯太肯·居力海提 马春燕 李生梅 DONG Chu-jun;DONG Yi-qiang;AN Sha-zhou;Asitaiken·Julihaiti;MA Chun-yan;LI Sheng-mei(College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第3期29-38,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2020D01B29);国家重点研发计划“科技基础资源调查”专项(201Y100200-1)。

摘　　要：通过野外实地调查取样,于2017~2019年(禁牧2~4a)对新疆玛纳斯县和呼图壁县的禁牧区及放牧区的群落植被特征进行测定分析,探究不同禁牧年限下伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地植被特征年际动态变化。结果表明:(1)退化荒漠禁牧后一年生草本植物逐渐从群落中消退,半灌木和多年生草本植物的重要值增加;(2)荒漠植被禁牧2~4a后,植被高度、盖度和地上生物量分别显著增加了15.42%~265.54%、21.76%~285.86%和106.78%~810.49%(P<0.05);植被密度对禁牧无明显响应;(3)荒漠植物多样性对禁牧的响应与地区差异有关。呼图壁县研究区植物多样性表现为围栏外>围栏内,其中Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在禁牧2a后差异显著;而玛纳斯县研究区植物多样性表现为围栏内>围栏外,Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数在禁牧3a后差异显著。综上所述,短期禁牧改善了群落植被的生长状况,促进了伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地的恢复,但荒漠植物多样性对禁牧的响应与地区差异有关。Through field investigation and sampling,the community vegetation characteristics of the grazing and grazing prohibition regions(Manas county and Hutubi county,Xinjiang)were measured from 2017~2019(2~4 years of grazing prohibition)to explore the interannual dynamic changes of vegetation characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense desert grassland under different years of grazing prohibition.The results showed that:(1)After grazing prohibition in degraded desert grassland,annual herbs gradually disappeared from the community,and the important values of subshrubs and perennial herbs increased.(2)After 2~4 years of the enclosure,the vegetation height,coverage,and aboveground biomass significantly increased by 15.42%~265.54%,21.76%~328.20%,and 106.78%~810.49%,respectively(P<0.05).At the same time,the vegetation density had no significant response to grazing.(3)The response of desert plant diversity to grazing prohibition was related to regional differences.The plant diversity of the enclosure area was lower than the grazing area of Hutubi county,among which the Margalef richness index,Simpson predominace index,and Shannon-Wiener diversity index had significant differences after grazing prohibition for 2 years.While the plant diversity of the enclosure area was higher than the grazing area of Manas county,Simpson predominance index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Pielou evenness index had significant differences after grazing prohibition for 3 years.In conclusion,short-term grazing prohibition improved plant community growth,which was beneficial to restoring degraded Seriphidium transiliense desert grassland.However,the response of desert plant diversity to grazing prohibition was related to regional differences.

关 键 词：禁牧 伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地 植物群落数量特征 植物多样性 

分 类 号：S812.68[农业科学—草业科学]