旱作春小麦旗叶生理生化特征及籽粒灌浆对不同施氮量的响应  

Response of physiological and biochemical indexes of flag leaf and grain filling of rainfed spring wheat to long-term nitrogen application rates

作　　者：曾敏 谢军红[1] 李玲玲[1] Zechariah Effah 刘雪宁 杜常亮 王进斌 ZENG Min;XIE Junhong;LI Lingling;Zechariah Effah;LIU Xuening;DU Changliang;WANG Jinbin(State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Agronomy college of Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2021年第6期47-55,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅双一流重大科研项目(GSSYLXM-02);国家自然科学基金项目(31761143004);甘肃省国际合作基地项目(GSPT-2018-56);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA033);甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2020-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施氮水平下小麦旗叶生理生化特征与籽粒灌浆特性,为春小麦氮素信息化管理水平提升提供理论参考.【方法】研究依托于2003年建立的氮肥长期定位试验,研究了0(N_(1))、52.5(N_(2))、105(N_(3))、157.5(N_(4))和210 kg/hm^(2)(N_(5))5个施氮水平下旗叶光合特性、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量等生理生化指标,籽粒灌浆特性,及其与产量的关系.【结果】施氮增加了小麦旗叶SPAD值,N_(3)处理的旗叶净光合速率最高、胞间CO_(2)浓度最低.开花期和花后第7天,N_(3)处理的旗叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著高于N_(4)、N_(5)处理.N_(3)在维持硝酸还原酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量较高水平的同时,还提高了灌浆速率、延长了快增期持续时间,其千粒质量较N_(4)、N_(5)处理分别显著增加了10.5%和8.7%.N_(3)处理的籽粒产量达2550 kg/hm^(2),与回归分析所得理论最高籽粒产量一致,分别较N_(4)、N_(5)增产5%、14%.春小麦产量与旗叶SPAD、净光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白与灌浆参数呈不同程度正相关关系.【结论】叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白与灌浆参数可作为氮素信息化管理的重要参数,陇中旱农区春小麦适宜施氮量为105 kg/hm^(2).【Objective】Physiological and biochemical indexes of flag leaf and grain filling characteristics under different nitrogen application rates have important theoretical reference value for improving the information management in spring wheat.【Method】Based on the long-term nitrogen application experiment established in 2003,the photosynthetic indicators,nitrate reductase activity,soluble protein content of flag leaves,filling characteristics and yield under five nitrogen application levels,that is,0(N_(1))52.5(N_(2))105(N_(3))157.5(N_(4))and 210 kg/hm^(2)(N_(5))were studied.【Result】The nitrogen application increased the SPAD value,and the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves under N_(3) treatment was the highest and intercellular CO_(2) concentration was the lowest.The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of flag leaves under N_(3) treatment were significantly higher than those under N_(4) and N_(5) treatment at anthesis and the 7 th day after anthesis.While N_(3) maintained a high level of nitrate reductase activity and soluble protein content,it also increased the filling rate and prolonged the duration of the rapid growth period,its 1000-Kemel weight is significantly increased by 10.5% and 8.7% respectively compared with N_(4) and N_(5).The grain yield of N_(3) treatment was 2550 kg/hm^(2),consistent with the theoretical maximum grain yield obtained by regression analysis,was increased by 5% and 14% respectively compared with N_(4) and N_(5).Spring wheat yield was significantly positively correlated with SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,nitrate reductase activity,soluble protein of flag leaves,and filling parameters.【Conclusion】It is suggested that SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,nitrate reductase activity,and soluble protein of flag leaves and filling parameters can be used as indicators for nitrogen information management,and the optimum nitrogen application rate for rainfed spring wheat in the arid area of Longzhong is 105 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：施氮水平 春小麦 旗叶生理生化 灌浆特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]