数字时代二次创作的著作权保护困境与制度变革——以演绎权为中心  

The Dilemma of Copyright Protection for Secondary Creation and Its System Reform--Centered on the Derivative Right

作　　者：唐艳[1,2] Tang Yan

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学知识产权研究院 [2]西南政法大学新科技法治创新研究中心

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2022年第2期52-70,共19页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“创新驱动发展战略下知识产权公共领域问题研究”(项目编号:17ZDA138)。

摘　　要：数字时代,随着原始创作激励与二次创作自由矛盾的加剧,演绎权的存废抑或调整已成为争议问题。考察演绎权的制度生成史及内在机理,演绎权从复制权中独立出来具有历史原因,且在版权激励、消费者福利、排除不当得利等方面具有正当性,但因对后续创新、言论自由、符号民主等具有抑制性,需对其施加适当限制。美国、英国和德国的演绎权制度代表了三种不同的制度模式,在平衡原始创作与二次创作关系上具有可借鉴性。我国的演绎权制度在加强原始创作激励和减少二次创作抑制这两个维度都存在不足,需要在反思和借鉴的基础上进行制度变革。建议将演绎权控制的范围延及对演绎作品的利用行为,对未经许可的演绎作品赋予著作权法消极保护,打破停止侵害救济的绝对适用,确立适用停止侵害救济的考量因素及不适用停止侵害的替代措施,将转换性使用分别结合其他的考量因素、构成要件纳入到停止侵害的适用和合理使用制度中。In the digital era,the contradiction between the incentives for original creations and the freedom of follow-on creations has become prominent,and the retention or adjustment of the right of derivative right has become a controversial issue.Investigating the history and the internal mechanism of the der ivative right system,the generation of the derivative right ha s historic reasons and it is legitimate.The derivative right sys tem cannot be abolished,but it is necessary to impose appropri ate restrictions on it.The derivative right systems of the United States,Britain,and Germany represent dif ferent institutional models,and have good experiences for us to borrow in balancing the relationship between original creations and follow-on creations.The design of the derivative right system in our country is not perfect.The deficiencies lie in the aspects of both strengthening creative incentive and reducing the suppression of valuable follow-on creations,and then system reform is needed.It is recommended for our legis lation to extend the control of the derivative right to the exploitation of derivative works,to grant negative protection to unauthorized derivative works,to abolish the absolute application of injunctions,and establish the consideration factors for the application of injunction relief and the alternative measures when the injunction is inapplicabl e.It is also recommended that transformative use combined with different consideration factors or constituent elements into the injunction and fair use system.

关 键 词：演绎权 二次创作 转换性使用 合理使用 制度变革 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]