1971-2015年黑龙江省极端气温指数变化特征  

Variation Characteristics of Extreme Temperature Index in Heilongjiang Province from 1971 to 2015

作　　者：田宝星[1] 殷世平[1] 郭立峰[1] 刘丹[1] 张恒翀 王铭[1] TIAN Bao-xing;YIN Shi-ping;GUO Li-feng;LIU Dan;ZHANG Heng-chong;WANG Ming(Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science,Heilongjiang,Harbin 150030)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《黑龙江气象》2021年第4期1-3,共3页Heilongjiang Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室基金项目(stqx201903,stqx201902)。

摘　　要：为了解黑龙江省极端气温的变化特点及规律,提供气象灾害预警理论依据。利用黑龙江省80个气象站点1971-2015年逐日最高气温和最低气温观测资料,采用国际通用的极端气温指数定义计算了极端最高气温、极端最低气温、霜冻日数、结冰日数、夏天日数,利用趋势分析、小波分析、EOF分析等方法,分析了黑龙江省极端气温指数时空变化特征。结果表明:黑龙江省极端最高气温、极端最低气温和夏天日数均呈增加趋势,霜冻日数和结冰日数呈减少趋势。极端最高气温、极端最低气温、结冰日数、夏天日数空间分布模态呈现一致的正变化趋势,霜冻日数空间分布模态呈现正、负相间变化趋势。极端气温指数受地理环境影响较大,区域特征差异明显。近44 a时间尺度上各种极端气温指数存在3种较为明显的周期变化,即22-28 a长周期,10-18 a中周期,5-8 a短周期。In order to understand the variation characteristics and laws of extreme air temperature in Heilongjiang Province,and provide theoretical basis for meteorological disaster early warning,the authors used the EOF,trend analysis and wavelet analysis to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of extreme air temperature index in Heilongjiang Province,based on the daily maximum and minimum air temperature data of 80 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1971 to 2015,the extreme maximum air temperature,extreme minimum air temperature,frost days,freeze days and summer days are calculated by using the international definition of extreme air temperature index.The results showed that:the extreme maximum air temperature,extreme minimum air temperature and summer days showed an increasing trend,while frost days and freeze days showed a decreasing trend.The spatial distribution modes of extreme maximum air temperature,extreme minimum air temperature,freeze days and summer days showed a consistent positive trend,and frost days showed a positive and negative alternating trend.The extreme air temperature index is greatly affected by the geographical environment,and the regional characteristics are obviously different.There were 3 periodic changes in various extreme air temperature indexes on the time scale of recent 44 years,long period of 22-28 a,medium period of 10-18 a and short period of 5-8 a.The results could provide reference for local economic and social development,disaster prevention and reduction.

关 键 词：黑龙江 气候变化 极端气温指数 EOF分析 小波分析 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]