面向循环经济的共享单车可持续发展治理路径——基于上海市实践案例的政策模拟  

Sustainable development governance paths of bike-sharing towards circular economy:policy simulation based on the practical case of Shanghai

作　　者：司红运 施建刚[2] 曲衍波[1] 吴光东 SI Hongyun;SHI Jiangang;QU Yanbo;WU Guangdong(School of Public Administration and Policy,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan Shandong 250014,China;School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;School of Public Affairs,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学公共管理学院,山东济南250014 [2]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092 [3]重庆大学公共管理学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第2期71-84,共14页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“循环经济视角下共享单车可持续发展的系统建模及治理预测研究”(批准号:21YJC-630117);山东省社会科学规划研究青年项目“山东省城市共享单车资源利用效率提升的动力机制及治理策略研究”(批准号:21DGLJ07);山东省自然科学基金青年项目“面向循环经济的城市共享单车可持续使用与回收治理研究”(批准号:ZR2021QG053);国家自然科学基金青年项目“居民网约‘拼车行为’的影响机理、驱动机制与干预策略研究”(批准号:72104128);山东省重点研发计划(软科学项目)“‘双碳’战略目标下山东省居民低碳行为驱动机理及引导政策研究”(批准号:2021RKY07133)。

摘　　要：共享单车作为新时代居民低碳出行的典型交通工具,探讨如何实现其全生命周期的可持续发展意义重大。立足于中国城市共享单车发展挑战,文章创新性提出了面向循环经济的共享单车可持续发展治理框架以及基于3R原则的治理路径,构建了集故障车辆减量化、故障车辆再利用和报废车辆资源化三个子模块为一体的复杂系统动力学模型。在此基础上,基于上海市实践案例,对循环经济视角下共享单车可持续发展路径进行了多情景仿真模拟。研究发现:(1)用户使用行为治理、回收参与行为治理、城市投放总量控制、故障车辆回收监控和生产者责任延伸制五种策略均对共享单车行业的可持续发展起到显著作用;(2)就单一策略而言,生产者责任延伸制和故障车辆回收监控是政府治理故障和报废车辆、运营商降低生产和回收处置成本,进而提升行业资源利用效率的两种最佳治理举措,城市投放总量控制次之;(3)就组合策略而言,五种策略的综合集成实施是促进中国共享单车可持续发展的最优治理路径,全面实施后,2021—2031年上海市报废单车总量将减少71.15%,运营商的生产和回收处置成本节约73.77%,碳排放减少8.78万t。基于上述研究结果,文章提出实施生产者责任延伸制度、“科学谨慎”执行城市投放总量控制、“引导+规范+约束”用户可持续使用行为、提高用户回收参与意愿、加强故障车辆回收监控等政策建议。这项研究旨在为共享单车可持续发展的顶层设计提供决策参考,为国家“交通强国建设、碳达峰与碳中和”三重战略目标的实现提供助力。此外,文章为共享经济产品的可持续发展研究开辟了新的视角,为后续循环经济与共享经济的集成探究奠定了重要基础。Bike-sharing is a typical mode of low-carbon travel for residents in the new era,and it is of great significance to explore how to realize its sustainable development.Based on the challenge of bike-sharing development in China’s cities,this study innovatively proposed a governance framework for the sustainable development of bike-sharing towards circular economy and provided governance paths based on the 3R principle.Then,this study constructed a complex system dynamics model integrating three sub-modules,i.e.,reduction of faulty vehicles,reuse of faulty vehicles and recycling of scrapped vehicles.Based on the practical case of Shanghai,the sustainable development paths of bike-sharing towards circular economy were simulated.The results showed that:(1) The five strategies of user behavior governance,recycling participation behavior governance,total amount control of urban launching,recovery monitoring of faulty vehicles and extended producer responsibility all played significant roles in the sustainable development of bike-sharing.(2) With regard to individual strategies,extended producer responsibility system and recovery monitoring of faulty vehicles were the two best governance measures for the government to deal with faulty and scrapped vehicles,and for the operators to reduce production and recovery costs,and then to improve the efficiency of resource utilization,followed by the measures of total amount control of urban launching.(3) As for the combination strategy,the comprehensive and integrated implementation of the five strategies was the optimal governance path to promote the sustainable development of bike-sharing in China.After the comprehensive implementation,the total number of discarded bicycles in Shanghai is likely to be reduced by 71.15% from 2021 to 2031,the production and recycling costs of operators by 73.77%,and the carbon emissions by 87 800 tons.Ultimately,the present study proposes the implementation of the extended producer responsibility system,the scientific and prudent implementatio

关 键 词：循环经济 共享单车 可持续发展 多情景仿真 

分 类 号：X73[环境科学与工程—环境工程]