地方政府环境治理压力会“挤出”企业绿色创新吗?  

Will local governments’ environmental governance pressure ’crowd out’ firms’ green innovation?

作　　者：王分棉[1] 贺佳 WANG Fenmian;HE Jia(Beijing Enterprises’Global Management Research Center/Business School,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学北京企业国际化经营研究基地/国际商学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2022年第2期140-150,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

摘　　要：企业环境污染行为能否在根本上得到遏制,在很大程度上取决于地方政府对环境政策的执行力度。以往研究更多地关注了地方政府放松环境管制对企业污染行为的影响,而尚未关注地方政府环境管制动机增强后会对企业绿色创新产生什么影响。文章以《环境空气质量标准》为外生政策冲击,研究了空气质量新标准实施引致的地方政府治理动机变化对企业绿色创新的影响。基于2004—2018年中国A股上市公司数据,运用三重差分(DDD)分析法,通过比较新标准实施前后、试点城市相对于非试点城市、重污染行业相对于轻污染行业,企业绿色发明申请量是否变化来检验地方政府环境治理压力对企业绿色创新的影响。研究发现:(1)2012年新标准第一阶段方案实施后,74个试点城市地方政府环境治理压力对重污染企业绿色创新的“挤出”效应显著高于轻污染企业,并且经过稳健性检验结果依然稳健。(2)经异质性分析发现,2013年新标准第二阶段方案在190个试点城市实施后上述“挤出”效应不再显著;相对于非国有企业,地方政府环境治理压力对国有重污染企业产生的“挤出”效应更为显著;将第一和第二阶段实施方案引入同一模型进行整体分析后上述研究结论依然稳健。(3)从影响机制来看,新标准实施引致的地方政府环境治理压力增大对企业绿色创新产生的“挤出”效应是因试点城市重污染企业大幅增加环保投资而挤占了绿色创新资源而导致的,在第二实施阶段,试点城市重污染企业不再大幅增加环保投资后,对绿色创新的“挤出”效应也不再显著。这意味着,中央政府制定合理的环境规制可以有效激发地方政府环境治理动机。因此,地方政府需要加大对污染企业的环保补助和绿色创新资源支持,以有效缓解因企业大幅增加的环保投资而挤占的绿色创新资源。Whether firms’ environmental pollution can be fundamentally curbed depends to a large extent on the implementation of environmental policies by local governments.Previous studies have paid more attention to the impact of local governments’ relaxation of environmental regulations on firms’ pollution behaviors,but attention has not yet been paid to the impact of local governments’ environmental regulatory incentives on firms’ green innovation.Based on the exogenous policy impact of Ambient Air Quality Standards,this article studied the impact of the change of local governments’ governance motivation caused by the implementation of the new air quality standards on enterprises’ green innovation.Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2004 to 2018 and using a difference-in-differencein-differences(DDD) method,this study tested the influence of local governments’ environmental governance pressure on firms’ green innovation by comparing whether the number of enterprises applying for green inventions changed before and after the application of the new standards,between pilot cities and other cities,and between high and low polluting industries.The results showed that after the implementation of the first phase of the new standards in 2012,the’crowding-out effect’of local governments’ environmental governance pressure on the green innovation of heavily polluting enterprises in 74 pilot cities was significantly higher than that of low polluting enterprises,and the robustness test results were still robust.The heterogeneity analysis revealed that the’crowding-out effect’was no longer significant after the second phase of the new standards were implemented in 190 pilot cities in 2013.Compared with non-state-owned enterprises,the’crowding-out effect’of local governments’ environmental governance pressure on state-owned heavy-pollution enterprises was more significant.From the perspective of influence mechanisms,the ’crowding-out effect’ was the result of the crowding out of

关 键 词：地方政府 环境规制 绿色创新 三重差分 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]