2016—2020年株洲市肺结核疫情流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhuzhou from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：邓艺芝 王林[1] 袁新健[1] 冀乃宏 DENG Yi-zhi;WANG Lin;YUAN Xin-jian;JI Nai-hong(Zhuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Zhuzhou 412000,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]株洲市疾病预防控制中心,湖南株洲412000

出　　处：《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》2022年第1期17-21,共5页Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases

摘　　要：目的分析2016—2020年株洲市肺结核流行特征,掌握疾病的流行趋势,为今后更好的制定株洲市肺结核防控措施,降低发病率提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2016—2020年株洲市肺结核发病的人群、时间、地点分布进行分析。发病率的比较采用卡方检验及趋势检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2016—2020年株洲市共报告活动性肺结核病例15354例,年均发病率为76.33/10万,发病率总体呈先升后降,各年份报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(趋势)=57.773,P<0.01)。5年间共报告病原学阳性病例6407例,病原学阴性病例8600例,无病原学结果病例347例,病原学阳性肺结核患者、无病原学患者的报告发病率总体呈上升的趋势(P_(趋势)均<0.01)。发病高峰主要集中在3月和1月;男性发病率高于女性发病率;发病年龄主要集中于45~69岁(54.75%),肺结核报告发病率随着年龄增加呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=7269.938,P<0.01);农民肺结核发病人数占比最多;地区分布中,茶陵县年均报告发病率最高,其次是芦淞区,5年间茶陵县、攸县报告发病率呈上升趋势(P_(趋势)均<0.01)。结论株洲市未来肺结核防控应重点关注男性、老年人以及农民等重点人群,重点地区包括芦淞区、茶陵县和攸县等地。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)in Zhuzhou City from 2016 to 2020 and understand the epidemiological trends of the disease,so as to provide scientific basis for better development of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control measures and to reduce the incidence rate in Zhuzhou City in the future.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population,time and location distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhuzhou City from 2016 to 2020.The incidence rates were compared by Chi-square test and trend test,and the test level wasα=0.05.Results A total of 15354 cases of active TB were reported in Zhuzhou City from 2016 to 2020,with an average annual incidence rate of 76.33/10^(5).The incidence rate generally increased first and then decreased,with statistically significant differences in reported incidence rate among different years(χ^(2)=57.773,P<0.01).There were 6407 pathogenic positive cases,8600 pathogenic negative cases,and 347 cases without pathogenic results during the 5 years.There was an overall increasing trend in the reported incidence rate of pathogenic positive TB patients and patients without pathogenic results(P<0.01).The peak of onset was mainly in March and January.The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females.The age of onset was mainly from 45 to 69 years old(54.75%),and the reported incidence rate of TB showed an increasing trend with the increasing age(χ^(2)_(trend)=7269.938,P<0.01).Farmers accounted for the largest proportion.In the regional distribution,the highest annual average reported incidence rate was in Chaling County,followed by Lusong District.The reported incidence rates in Chaling County and You County both showed an increasing trend over the 5 years(P<0.01).Conclusions In the future,the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhuzhou should focus on the key groups such as males,the elderly and farmers,and the key areas such as Lusong District,Chaling County and You County

关 键 词：株洲市 肺结核 发病率 流行特征 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学] R181.2[医药卫生—临床医学]