地热发电技术及其关键影响因素综述  

Review of geothermal power generation technologies and key influencing factors

作　　者：李健[1,2] 武江元 杨震 段远源[1] 俞自涛[2,3] LI Jian;WU Jiangyuan;YANG Zhen;DUAN Yuanyuan;YU Zitao(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Institute of Thermal Engineering and Power System,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310027 [3]浙江大学热工与动力系统研究所,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《热力发电》2022年第3期1-8,共8页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52106017,51736005);能源清洁利用国家重点实验室开放基金(ZJUCEU2020013);中国博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20200178);中国博士后科学基金面上资助(2020M680548);清华大学“水木学者”计划(2020SM013)。

摘　　要：为促进中国地热发电的大规模发展,收集、整理了我国的地热资源数据,总结了我国地热资源的特点和地热发电的相关政策及发展现状,综述了水蒸气朗肯循环、闪蒸循环、有机朗肯循环、卡林那循环和全流发电系统五种典型的地热发电技术,探究并总结了影响地热发电利用的关键因素。我国的地热资源是以150℃以下的中低温地热为主,有机朗肯循环和卡林那循环在地热发电领域有更大的发展空间;地热的温度越高、流量越大、干度越高、水质条件越好,当地的环境气温越低、成井率越高,地热发电的开发潜力越大;丰沛的水资源及高的上网电价和投资补贴也有利于地热发电行业的发展壮大。To promote the large-scale development of geothermal power generation in China, the data of geothermal resources in China is collected and arranged in this paper. The characteristics of geothermal resources, relevant policies and development status of geothermal power generation in China are summarized. Five typical geothermal power generation technologies are reviewed, which are steam Rankine cycle, flash cycle, organic Rankine cycle,Kalina cycle and full-flow power system. Key factors affecting the development of geothermal power generation are discussed and summarized. The geothermal resources in China are mainly medium-to-low temperature geothermal energy(below 150 ℃), and the organic Rankine cycle and Kalina cycle have greater development space in the field of geothermal power generation. Higher geothermal temperature, larger flow rate, higher geothermal fluid dryness and better water quality conditions will result in lower local ambient temperature, higher well completion rate and greater development potential of geothermal power generation. Abundant water resources and high on-grid price and investment subsidies are also conducive to the growth of geothermal power generation industry.

关 键 词：地热发电 中低温地热 发电技术 有机朗肯循环 

分 类 号：TK123[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]