城市与疫病:民国内陆城市突发性公共卫生事件的政府应对--基于1932年西安霍乱数据的分析  

Cities and Epidemics:Government Response to Public Health Emergencies in Inland Cities of the Republic of China--Analysis based on Cholera Data in Xi'an in 1932

作　　者：吕强[1] LV QIANG(School of Journalism and communication Northwest University of political science and law,Xi'an Shaanxi 710122,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学新闻传播学院,陕西西安710122

出　　处：《西安电子科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期1-9,共9页Journal of Xidian University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代西北地方媒介传播西医防疫思想研究”(18CXW016)。

摘　　要：20世纪30年代爆发的霍乱疫情遍及全国,最早于1930年在上海爆发,到1932年7月蔓延至西安。通过统计西安地方档案得知,这场霍乱产生了严重危害,共计造成937人死亡。疫情发生后,西安地方政府采取了一系列西医防治措施,包括疫苗注射、防疫宣传、封锁隔离、设立医院、禁食生冷食物以及清洁公共环境卫生等。然而,研究表明,由于疫情传播迅速,加之防治条件简陋、居民卫生习惯不良以及社会迷信盛行等诸多因素,导致死亡率高达71.5%,反映出政府干预与防治的效果不太明显。回顾这场霍乱疫情,从中可以汲取一些历史经验,为当今政府更好地应对城市疫情提供借鉴与启发。Cholera outbreak in 1930s spread throughout the country,which was first in Shanghai in 1930 and spread to Xi'an in July 1932.According to the statistics of Xi'an local archives,the cholera caused serious harm,causing 937 deaths.After the outbreak,Xi'an local government took a series of Western medicine prevention and control measures,including vaccine injection,epidemic prevention publicity,blockade and isolation,establishment of hospitals,fasting raw and cold food,cleaning public environment,etc.However,the research shows that the mortality rate is 71.5%due to the rapid spread of epidemic,the poor control conditions,poor health habits of residents and the prevalence of social superstition,refelecting that the effect of government intervention and prevention is not obvious.Reviewing the cholera epidemic,we can learn some historical experience,and provide reference and inspiration for the government to better deal with the urban epidemic.

关 键 词：1932年霍乱 西安城市 政府应对 

分 类 号：D630.9[政治法律—政治学]