2022年汤加火山喷发的综合遥感快速解译分析  

Rapid Interpretation and Analysis of the 2022 Eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano with Integrated Remote Sensing Techniques

作　　者：胡羽丰 李振洪 王乐[1,2] 陈博[1,2] 朱武 张双成[1,2,3] 杜建涛[1,2] 张雪松[1,2] 杨璟 周美玲[1,2] 刘振江 王丝丝 苗晨 张连翀 彭建兵 HU Yufeng;LI Zhenhong;WANG Le;CHEN Bo;ZHU Wu;ZHANG Shuangcheng;DU Jiantao;ZHANG Xuesong;YANG Jing;ZHOU Meiling;LIU Zhenjiang;WANG Sisi;MIAO Chen;ZHANG Lianchong;PENG Jianbing(College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Big Data Center for Geosciences and Satellites,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering,Ministry of Education,Xi'an 710054,China;National Remote Sensing Center of China,Ministry of Science and Technology,Beijing 100036,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [2]长安大学地学与卫星大数据研究中心,陕西西安710054 [3]西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [4]科技部国家遥感中心,北京100036 [5]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（信息科学版）》2022年第2期242-251,共10页Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1512000);陕西省科技创新团队项目(2021TD-51);陕西省自然科学研究计划(2020JQ-350);欧洲空间局-科技部国家遥感中心龙计划5项目(59339)。

摘　　要：2022年1月14日―15日南太平洋汤加Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai(HTHH)海底火山发生剧烈喷发并造成海啸,引起了国际广泛关注。对此次"千年一遇"的汤加HTHH火山喷发事件进行应急响应,首先综合利用国内外多时相卫星光学影像、雷达影像、全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)监测站等数据进行快速解译,分析此次火山喷发过程及影响,评估汤加部分地区的受灾情况;然后提出多源数据获取-地貌演化监测-地表形变监测-环境响应探测-灾害损毁评估-灾后恢复决策一整套综合遥感技术框架。结果显示,汤加HTHH海底火山自2020-06以来在卫星视线方向出现明显的地表形变,累积最大下沉达到6.0 cm,并且该火山在2021-12-22左右已出现喷发迹象;火山喷发过程中当地磁场和电离层出现明显异常变化,汤加地表GNSS监测站发生显著位移,其中地表抬升量达50.2 cm;火山喷发的火山灰覆盖了汤加大部分地区,但汤加首都北部沿海区域无明显海岸线冲断迹象,主要建筑和道路保持完整。研究展示了如何利用综合遥感技术对海底火山喷发进行快速解译分析,实现HTHH火山地形变化跟踪和灾害评估。该综合遥感技术框架将有助于灾后快速恢复和重建,也为后续灾害的防治提供支撑。Objectives: On 14 th and 15 th January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai(HTHH) underwater volcano in Tonga in the South Pacific Ocean violently erupted and caused a tsunami, which has attracted widespread international attention. In this paper, we attempted to rapidly investigate this oncein-a-millennium massive event using integrated remote sensing techniques.Methods: We comprehensively used multi-temporal satellite optical images, radar images, global navigation satellite system(GNSS)observations and other datasets to quickly interpret and analyze the volcanic eruption process and its im-pacts. The damage assessment in parts of Tonga was also performed. Based on the integrated remote sensing techniques, we presented a technical framework for the rapid interpretation and analysis of volcanic eruptions, which comprises of six components, namely multi-source data acquisition, geomorphology monitoring, deformation monitoring, environmental response detection, damage assessment and recovery decision.Results: Our results show that the HTHH underwater volcano in Tonga had exhibited obvious surface displacements in the satellite radar line of sight direction with a maximum accumulated displacement of 6.0 cm since June 2020, and erupted since around 22 nd December 2021. During the volcanic eruption, the local magnetic field and ionosphere exhibited obvious abnormal signals, and the continuous GNSS data in Tonga suggested clear surface displacements with an uplift up to 50.2 cm. Most areas of Tonga were blanketed in ash, but it appeared that, in northern part of Tonga’s capital, little damage was observed in the coastlines and the main buildings and roads remained intact. Conclusions: This study shows how to use integrated remote sensing techniques to quickly respond to underwater volcanic eruptions, including the topography evolution of the HTHH volcano and the damage assessment of its eruption. It is believed that the remote sensing integrated technical framework shall not only contribute to the speedy recovery a

关 键 词：汤加海底火山 多源遥感数据 灾害响应 喷发过程监测 灾害评估 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]