农业适度规模经营路径之争:土地规模还是服务规模  

The Dispute over the Path of Moderate Scale Management of Agriculture:Land Scale or Service Scale

作　　者：梅付春[1] 马开轩[2] MEI Fuchun;MA Kaixuan(School of Economics and Management,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;School of Humanity&Law,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学经济与管理学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学文法学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《经济经纬》2022年第2期46-56,共11页Economic Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BKS121);国家自然科学基金项目(72173037)。

摘　　要：适度规模经营是发展现代农业的必由之路,但国内在其路径选择上长期存在着服务经营规模和土地经营规模的分歧。基于实际投入视角和1990—2018年我国粮食投入产出时间序列,运用生产函数和现金成本收益比实证分析我国粮食生产规模的适度性及两种路径的关系。结果表明:相对于当前的农业生产条件,我国现实的粮食生产规模基本上是适度的;服务规模与土地规模两种路径在实践中并存共生、相辅相成,并不相互排斥;两种路径的共生性具体表现为时间上并存及空间上互补,其形成原因在于长期以来我国农业生产要素的时空错配。这些发现的政策意义在于:要从平等互补的视角制定和完善相关促进政策,即对所有可能的实现路径实行普惠性政策,以促进农业适度规模经营的形成和层次提高;同时,应对不同禀赋的微观主体实行差异化政策,以优化农业生产要素组合,尽快形成适度规模经营能力。Moderate scale operation is the only way to develop modern agriculture,but there have differences between service management scale and land management scale for a long time in China.Based on the perspective of actual input and the time series of grain input-output in China from 1990 to 2018,this paper empirically analyzes the appropriateness of grain production scale and the relationship between the two paths by using production function and cash cost-income ratio.The results show that compared with the current agricultural production conditions,China’s actual scale of grain production is basically moderate.In practice,the two paths of service scale and land scale coexist,complement each other,and are not mutually exclusive.The symbiosis of the two paths is embodied in the coexistence of time and complementarity in space,which is due to the time-space mismatch of agricultural production factors in China for a long time.The policy significance of these findings is that the government should formulate and improve relevant promotion policies from the perspective of equality and complementarity,that is,to implement inclusive policies for all possible realization paths,so as to promote the formation and improvement of the appropriate scale of agricultural management.At the same time,the government should implement differentiation policies for micro-subjects with different endowments in order to optimize the combination of agricultural production factors and form appropriate scale operation capacity as soon as possible.

关 键 词：适度规模经营 土地经营规模 服务经营规模 生产函数 共生互补 

分 类 号：F320.3[经济管理—产业经济]