山西省野生苹果属种质资源的开发利用  

Development and Utilization of Wild Malus Germplasm Resources in Shanxi Province

作　　者：高敬东 王骞 蔡华成 李春燕 杜学梅[1] 王淑婷 杨廷桢 GAO Jingdong;WANG Qian;CAI Huacheng;LI Chunyan;DU Xuemei;WANG Shuting;YANG Tingzhen(Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学果树研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2022年第2期1-4,共4页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系晋中综合试验站建设,项目编号:CARS-27。

摘　　要：山西省境内苹果属野生果树种质资源主要分布有4种,即河南海棠、湖北海棠、山丁子、毛山丁子,其中山定子、河南海棠分布最为广泛。文章对4种野生资源的植物学特性、物候期、分布范围进行了介绍,并阐述了目前的利用现状:山定子常作为苹果砧木,海棠则用于苹果矮化砧木的选育,山西农业大学果树研究所从河南海棠中实生选育出了S系苹果矮化砧木;利用河南海棠与国光杂交,选育出了SH系苹果矮化砧木以及抗旱、矮化、早花、早果的Y系苹果矮化砧木。尽管如此,对于苹果属野生种质资源的保护、利用研究还有待进一步加强,为此,也提出了一些发展建议,希望加大对野生果树资源的保护力度,禁止私挖乱伐;进一步对野生山定子资源开展系统的野外分布调查,摸清野生种、近缘种的分布、数量和开发潜力;在充分利用野生果树资源的同时,要遵循“持续利用”的原则,要注意保护和发展资源,合理将野生果树资源转化为生产力。There are four kinds of wild fruit trees of Malus in Shanxi Province,namely,Henan Begonia,Hubei Begonia,Malus baccata and Malus Mandshurica,among which,Malus baccata and Henan Begonia are the most widely distributed.In this paper,the botanical characteristics,phenological period and distribution range of the four wild resources were introduced,and the current utilization status of the four wild resources were also described:Pomology Institute group bred S-line Apple Dwarf Rootstock from Henan Begonia;the SH line Apple Dwarf Rootstock was selected by crossing between Henan Begonia and Guoguang;the rootstock research group has bred a number of Y-line Apple Dwarf Rootstocks with drought resistance,dwarfing,early flowering and early fruit from the stator of the mountain.However,the research on the protection and utilization of wild fruit germplasm resources of Malus needs to be further strengthened.Therefore,some development suggestions are put forward,hoping to strengthen the protection of wild fruit germplasm resources and prohibit illegal digging and indiscriminate cutting.Further,systematic field distribution investigation of wild Malus baccata resources was carried out to find out the distribution,quantity and development potential of wild species and related species.While making full use of wild fruit trees resources,we should follow the principle of“sustainable utilization”,pay attention to the protection and development of resources,and rationally convert wild fruit trees resources into productive forces.

关 键 词：苹果属 野生 种质资源 开发利用 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]