氮素形态及配比对番茄光合、产量和风味品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Forms and Ratio on Tomato's Photosynthesis,Yield and Flavor Quality

作　　者：焦娟[1,2] 魏珉 谷端银[2] 李岩 杨凤娟[1] 史庆华[1] JIAO Juan;WEI Min;GU Duan-yin;LI Yan;YANG Feng-juan;SHI Qing-hua(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering/Shandong Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Environment-Controlled Agricultural Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture,Tai’an 271018,China;Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tai’an 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,农业部黄淮海设施农业工程科学观测实验站,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省泰安市农业科学院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-25);山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题(鲁财农指(2015)16号);山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC0206)。

摘　　要：为探明设施番茄优质高效栽培精准营养液氮素配方,明确氮素形态及配比对设施番茄产量和风味品质的影响,促进设施番茄果实风味品质提升。本试验采用土壤盆栽+营养液滴灌栽培模式,探讨了CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N(酰胺态氮)、NO_(3)--N(硝态氮)和NH_(4)^(+)-N(铵态氮)3种氮素形态及不同比例对番茄光合、产量和风味品质的影响。试验发现,与对照(CK,100%CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N)相比较,不同形态氮素配施能够增加番茄叶片SPAD值和光合所用,提高番茄产量;同种氮素替代NO_(3)--N条件下,番茄光合作用和产量随NH_(4)^(+)-N和CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N替代比例的增加而降低。试验表明,氮素配施还可增加番茄果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有机酸和可溶性蛋白含量;且在同种氮素替代NO_(3)--N条件下,可溶性糖、有机酸、可溶性蛋白含量亦随NH_(4)^(+)-N和CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N替代比例的增加而降低。T2(75%NO_(3)--N+25%NH_(4)^(+)-N)处理可增加番茄果实中醛类和醇类的种类,增加反-2-己烯醛和1-己醇含量;且该处理提高了番茄果实中醛类和烃类的含量,比CK分别提高41.31%和23.86%。不同氮素比例配施能够不同程度增加番茄产量和品质,当营养液中NO_(3)--N与NH_(4)^(+)-N比例为75:25时,可显著促进番茄光合作用,提高产量和风味品质。In order to find out the precise nitrogen formula in nutrient solution for high quality and efficient cultivation,and clarify the best nitrogen forms and ratio on improving tomato yield and flavor quality.Soil potted plant+nutrient dripped irrigation was adopted to study the effects of nitrogen forms and ratio as CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N(amide nitrogen),NO_(3)--N(nitrate nitrogen)and NH_(4)^(+)-N(ammonium nitrogen)on tomato photosynthesis,yield and flavor quality.The results showed that,compared with CK(100%CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N),different nitrogen forms application could increase SPAD value,photosynthesis and fruit yield.When the ratio of NH_(4)^(+)-N or CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N replaced NO_(3)--N was increasing,the photosynthesis and yield were decreased.Different nitrogen forms application also increased contents of soluble solid,soluble sugar,organic acid and soluble protein.But contents of soluble sugar,organic acid,soluble protein were decreased while the ratio of NH_(4)^(+)-N or CO(NH_(2))_(2)-N replaced NO_(3)--N was increasing.In all treatments,T2(75%NO_(3)--N+25%NH_(4)^(+)-N)added kinds of aldehydes and alcohols,contents of(E)-2-hexenal and 1-hexanol,and respectively increased aldehydes and hydrocarbons contents by 41.31%and 23.86%than CK.Different nitrogen forms application could increase tomato yield and quality.The ratio of NO_(3)--N:NH_(4)^(+)-N was 75:25,increased the photosynthesis,and increased tomato fruits yield and flavor quality the most.

关 键 词：氮素 番茄 性状 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学]