高过载失能生理预警指标和告警技术研究进展  

Physiological warning indexes and alerting techniques for G-induced loss of consciousness:research progress

作　　者：常巍 彭智勇[1] 李川涛 姚永杰 CHANG Wei;PENG Zhi-yong;LI Chuan-tao;YAO Yong-jie(Department of Aviation Medicine,Naval Medical Center,Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学(第二军医大学)海军特色医学中心航空医学研究室,上海200433

出　　处：《海军军医大学学报》2022年第2期194-200,共7页Academic Journal of Naval Medical University

基　　金：海军军医大学(第二军医大学)舰载机飞行人才航空医学保障专项课题(2020-JY01);载人航天领域第四批预先研究项目(020101)。

摘　　要：高过载失能即持续性正加速度引起的意识丧失(G-LOC),是指飞行员在正加速度暴露下,血液受惯性力作用迅速向下半身转移,脑组织发生急性缺血缺氧,导致意识丧失。G-LOC极易引发灾难性的后果,但目前尚无有效避免G-LOC的方法。通过实时生理监测对潜在危险发出警告,提醒飞行员及时采取措施,是解决该问题的根本策略。无线传感技术与人工智能科技的进步使动态精确测量成为可能。本文通过回顾高过载暴露下敏感生理指标的变化,分析头眼水平血流动力学、脑电、脑氧代谢、心电和肌电等指标在G-LOC发生前后的变化特征和意义,梳理国内外现有的告警技术并分析其不足之处,提出通过多指标生理监测结合飞行员体征表现及飞机机动状态进行综合判断是未来解决G-LOC预警问题的发展方向。G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) means that when the pilot is exposed to positive acceleration(+Gz),the blood is rapidly transferred to the lower body due to inertial forces,results in acute cerebral ischemic and hypoxia and loss of consciousness.G-LOC is highly likely to cause catastrophic consequences.Currently,there is no effective method to avoid G-LOC.The fundamental strategy to solve this problem is to warn pilots of the potential danger of G-LOC by realtime physiological monitoring and to alert them to take timely measures.Advances in technologies of wireless sensing and artificial intelligence have made dynamic and accurate measurement possible.By reviewing the progress of sensitive physiological indexes during high+GZ exposure,this paper analyzes the characteristics and significance of head level hemodynamics,electroencephalogram,cerebral oxygen metabolism,electrocardiogram and electromyogram before and after the occurrence of G-LOC,summarizing the existing alerting technologies and their deficiencies.It is concluded that multiindex physiological monitoring combined with pilot physical signs and aircraft maneuvering status for a comprehensive judgment is a future way for solving G-LOC early warning issues.

关 键 词：飞行员 正加速度 意识丧失 生理学 预警 

分 类 号：R852.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]