MAX相表面金属晶须自发生长现象的研究现状与展望  

Research Progress and Outlook of Metal Whisker Spontaneous Growth on MAX Phase Substrates

作　　者：田志华 张培根 刘玉爽 陆成杰 丁健翔 孙正明 TIAN Zhihua;ZHANG Peigen;LIU Yushuang;LU Chengjie;DING Jianxiang;SUN Zhengming(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,China;Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials,Ministry of Education,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma'anshan 243002,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏省先进金属材料高技术研究重点实验室,南京211189 [2]南京工程学院材料科学与工程学院,江苏省先进结构材料与应用技术重点实验室,南京211167 [3]安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院,先进金属材料绿色制备与表面技术教育部重点实验室,马鞍山243002

出　　处：《金属学报》2022年第3期295-310,共16页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目No.2017YFE0301403;国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51731004,52001158;江苏省自然科学基金项目No.BK20201283。

摘　　要：以Sn晶须为代表的金属晶须自发生长现象由来已久,电子工业深受其害,但铅添加剂的使用使相关研究一度沉寂。新世纪伊始,"铅毒"迫使人们开发无铅化Sn晶须抑制策略。然而,复杂的影响因素阻碍了对金属晶须自发生长现象的全面认识。近年来,诸多研究表明MAX相基体具有与金属基体相似的晶须自发生长现象,并且晶须的再现性好、孕育期短、生长速率快、种类丰富。因此,将MAX相作为研究晶须自发生长的新平台,有望加快人们对这一普遍现象的全面理解。本文以金属晶须自发生长为背景,结合本课题组相关研究,综述MAX相表面金属晶须自发生长研究工作,从晶须生长的2个基本过程(形核与长大)分析,阐述自发生长机制,并展望MAX相上晶须自发生长的研究方向与潜在应用。The spontaneous growth of metal whiskers,most notably tin whiskers,has a long history,and the electronics industry has suffered greatly as a result.Pb additive had previously deactivated research on the whiskering phenomenon,but the toxicity of lead alarmed people at the beginning of the century.Nevertheless,intricate conditions involved in the whisker growth research and the multifarious phenomena have hampered the research on this topic;therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the metal whisker growth has been absent.A related whiskering phenomenon on MAX phase substrates has been investigated in recent years,and the occurrence of MAX phase,compared with the whisker growth on metallic substrates,exhibits good repeatability,a short incubation period,a fast growth rate,and rich composition varieties.Therefore,the MAX phase as a new platform of whisker growth investigation is expected to speed up the understanding of the mechanisms related to this phenomenon.Regarding the general background of spontaneous metal whisker growth and our group’s current findings,this review summarizes the current status of spontaneous metal whisker growth on MAX phase substrates,discusses and describes the growth mechanism from the two main processes of crystal growth(nucleation and growth),and concludes with a perspective on future research and potential applications of spontaneous whisker growth on the MAX phase substrates.

关 键 词：金属晶须 自发生长 MAX相 抑制策略 无铅化 可靠性 

分 类 号：TQ174[化学工程—陶瓷工业]