新生儿听力障碍常见危险因素及听力筛查方法研究进展  

Research progress on auditory risk factors and hearing screening methods among neonates

作　　者：盘琳琳 孔令漪(综述) 翟丰 陈洁(审校)[1] PAN Linlin;KONG Lingyi(Overview);ZHAI Feng;CHEN Jie(Guidance)(Department of Otolaryngology and Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery,Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200127,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心耳鼻喉口腔颌面外科,上海200127

出　　处：《山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报》2022年第1期131-137,共7页Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81700907);上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心“3311”项目(ZCQ-SCMC2018-9);上海市综合医院中西医结合专项(ZHYY-ZXYJHZX-202009)。

摘　　要：听力障碍严重影响新生儿言语和识字能力发育,阻碍儿童社交、认知和学习。影响新生儿听力的因素众多,发病机制和特点各异。新生儿的听力障碍非遗传因素主要包括早产、低出生体质量、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿缺氧、感染、耳毒性药物用药史等;遗传因素主要包括GJB2、GJB3、SLC26A4和线粒体基因MT-RNR1变异。耳声发射、自动听觉脑干反应和声导抗检查的联合应用可有效提高新生儿听力障碍筛查的准确率,有助于早期诊断和干预。Newborn hearing loss results in not only delayed language and speech development but also poor social, recognitional, and educational performance. Several factors have an impact on neonatal hearing. However, the pathogenesis and characteristics of the factors vary based on the type of factor contributing to hearing impairment in neonates. Non-genetic factors mainly include preterm birth, low birth weight, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, newborn hypoxia, infection, and ototoxic medication, whereas genetic factors mainly include GJB2, GJB3, SLC26 A4, and mitochondrially encoded MT-RNR1 variation. Combined application of otoacoustic emission, automatic auditory brainstem response, and acoustic immittance test can effectively improve the accuracy of neonatal hearing impairment screening, which is helpful for early diagnosis and intervention.

关 键 词：听力障碍 新生儿 听力筛查 耳声发射 自动听觉脑干反应 声导抗 

分 类 号：R764.5[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]