早期去势对荷斯坦公犊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响  

Effects of Early Castration on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Holstein Calves

作　　者：岳萌萌 卜也 刘利[1] 央珍 赵晓川[1] 许珊珊[1] 王春微 柴金宝 孙芳[1] YUE Mengmeng;BU Ye;LIU Li;YANG Zhen;ZHAO Xiaochuan;XU Shanshan;WANG Chunwei;CHAI Jinbao;SUN Fang(Institute of Animal Husbandry of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Lhasa 850000,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Animal Husbandry Terminus,Harbin 150069,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]西藏自治区动物疫病预防控制中心,拉萨850000 [3]黑龙江省畜牧总站,哈尔滨150069

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第3期1632-1641,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系建设项目(CARS37);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(2019CX-16);“十三五”国家重点研究计划基金资助项目(2018YFD0501700)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究去势对荷斯坦公犊生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取健康荷斯坦公犊和出生即去势的荷斯坦阉牛犊各17头,日龄和初生重均差异不显著(P>0.05),分为公牛组和阉牛组,这2组牛的饲粮和饲养管理一致,试验期为15.5个月,其中哺乳期为2个月,断奶期为2.5个月,饲育肥为11个月。结果表明:1)2组试验牛在4.5、9.5、15.5月龄平均体重差异显著(P<0.05),公牛组在14.0~15.5月龄平均日增重显著高于阉牛组(P<0.05)。2)15.5月龄出栏后,公牛组的排酸失重和头占体重比例显著高于阉牛组(P<0.05)。3)15.5月龄出栏的阉牛组大理石花纹等级2.5级,平均背膘厚10.75 mm,与公牛组差异显著(P<0.05)。4)15.5月龄出栏的公牛组肌肉剪切力、冷冻损失、滴水损失、蒸煮损失和肉色红度值显著高于阉牛组(P<0.05),肌肉脂肪含量和肉色亮度值显著低于阉牛组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在直线育肥模式下,荷斯坦公牛生长性能优于阉牛;但是阉牛可生产出2.5级大理石纹牛肉,牛肉品质明显优于公牛。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of early castration on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Holstein bulls.Seventeen healthy Holstein calves and seventeen birth castrated Holstein calves were selected.There was no significant difference in age and birth weight.Two groups were bull group and steer group.The diets and feeding management of the two groups were consistent.The trial period was 15.5 months,including 2 months for lactation,2.5 months for weaning and 11 months for fattening.The results showed as follows:1)the average body weight of bulls at 4.5,9.5 and 15.5 months of age was significantly different between two groups(P<0.05);the average daily gain in bull group was significantly higher than that in steer group during 14.0 to 15.5 months of age(P<0.05).2)The head weight and weight loss after ripening of bulls at 15.5 months of age was significantly higher in bull group than steer group(P<0.05).3)The marbling grade of steers at 15.5 months of age could reach 2.5 and the back fat thickness was 10.75 cm in steer group,which was significantly higher than that in the bull group(P<0.05).4)The shear force,freezing loss,dripping loss,cooking loss and redness value of bulls at 15.5 months of age in bull group were significantly higher than those in the steer group(P<0.05);while the fat content and lightness value were remarkably lower than those in the steer group(P<0.05).It can be concluded that the growth performance of Holstein bulls is improved compared with steers;however,the steers can produce beef with marbling grade being 2.4,indicating they have better meat quality than Holstein bulls.

关 键 词：荷斯坦阉牛 荷斯坦公犊 早期去势 生长性能 屠宰性能 肉品质 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]