荨麻草块饲粮对藏系绵羊瘤胃细菌群落结构、发酵参数及生长性能的影响  

Effects of Nettle Cube Diet on Rumen Bacterial Community Structure,Fermentation Parameters and Growth Performance of Tibetan Sheep

作　　者：张晓庆[1,2] 金艳梅 尹凤旭 张继泽 王梓凡[1] 潘强 ZHANG Xiaoqing;JIN Yanmei;YIN Fengxu;ZHANG Jize;WANG Zifan;PAN Qiang(Institute of Grassland Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;Institute of Practaculture Science,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China;Marine College,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China;College of Agricultural and Biological Sciences,Dali University,Dali 671003,China;College of Grassland Science,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,拉萨850000 [3]山东大学(威海)海洋学院,威海264209 [4]大理大学农学与生物科学学院,大理671003 [5]青岛农业大学草业学院,青岛266200

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第3期1683-1693,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：西藏自治区重点研发计划(XZ202001ZY0037N);西藏自治区重大科技项目(XZ2021ZD0003N,XZ2021ZD0001N);内蒙古自然科学基金面上项目(2020MS03067);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610332020006)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究荨麻草块饲粮对藏系绵羊瘤胃细菌群落结构、发酵参数及生长性能的影响,为荨麻资源在藏羊养殖中的科学应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。选用1岁左右、体重相近的彭波半细毛羊公羊30只,随机分为3组(n=10),分别为自由放牧组(G组,对照组)、混合荨麻草块饲粮组(M组)和单一荨麻草块饲粮组(N组)。M、N组饲粮的精粗比分别为40∶60和8∶92,粗蛋白质水平分别为19.61%和19.48%。试验期共57 d,其中预试期18 d,正试期39 d。结果表明:1)M、N组的的瘤胃细菌操作分类单元(OTU)数量显著低于G组(P<0.05);M、N组的瘤胃细菌ACE指数、Chao1指数和Shannon指数显著低于G组(P<0.05),而Simpson指数显著高于G组(P<0.05)。2)M、N组瘤胃拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、普雷沃氏菌属_1(Prevotella_1)、普雷沃氏菌科_UCG-003(Prevotellaceae_UCG-003)相对丰度显著高于G组(P<0.05),而瘤胃厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、瘤胃球菌属_2(Ruminococcus_2)、瘤胃球菌科_NK4A214群(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)相对丰度显著低于G组(P<0.05)。3)N组瘤胃pH显著低于G、M组(P<0.05),M组瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著高于G、N组(P<0.05);M、N组瘤胃丙酸比例显著高于G组(P<0.05),而瘤胃乙酸/丙酸和丁酸比例显著低于G组(P<0.05)。4)N组干物质采食量显著低于G、M组(P<0.05);M、N组平均日增重显著高于G组(P<0.05),而料重比显著低于G组(P<0.05)。由此可见,将荨麻应用于藏系绵羊养殖中,单一荨麻草块饲粮不利于瘤胃发酵,而混合荨麻草块饲粮不仅符合反刍动物瘤胃发酵正常模式,优化了瘤胃细菌群落结构,而且提升了绵羊生长性能。因此,由60%西藏荨麻+40%精饲料构成的混合荨麻草块饲粮更适合在当地推广应用。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of nettle cube diets on rumen bacterial community structure,fermentation parameters and growth performance of Tibetan sheep,and to provide theoretical basis and technical methods for the scientific application of nettle in Tibetan sheep production.Thirty 1-year-old Pengbo semi-fine wool rams with similar body weight were randomly assigned to three groups(n=10):free grazing group(group G,as control group),mixed nettle cube diet group(group M)and single nettle cube diet group(group N),respectively.The dietary concentrate to roughage ratios of groups M and N were 40∶60 and 8∶92,and the crude protein levels were 19.61%and 19.48%,respectively.The experimental period was57 days,coinciding with a 18-day feed adaptation period and a 39-day formal period.The results showed as follows:1)the rumen bacterial operational taxonomic unit(OTU)number of groups M and N was significantly lower than that of groups G(P<0.05);the rumen bacterial ACE index,Chao1 index and Shannon index of groups M and N were significantly lower than those of group G(P<0.05),while the Simpson index was significantly higher than that of group G(P<0.05).2)The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella_1,Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in rumen of groups M and N were significantly higher than those of group G(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Firmicutes,Ruminococcus_2 and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group were significantly lower than those of group G(P<0.05).3)The rumen pH of group N was significantly lower than that of groups G and M(P<0.05),the rumen total volatile fatty acid content of group M was significantly higher than that of groups G and N(P<0.05);the rumen propionic acid proportion of groups M and N was significantly higher than that of group G(P<0.05),while the rumen acetic acid/propionic acid and butyric acid proportion were significantly lower than those of group G(P<0.05).4)The dry matter intake of group N was significantly lower than that of groups G and M(P<0.05);the average daily g

关 键 词：西藏荨麻 草块饲粮 绵羊 细菌群落结构 发酵参数 生长性能 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]