直隶经验:清季习艺所形态下的狱制转型  

Zhili Experience:The Transformation of Prison System in the Form of the Craft Learning Institution in the late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李欣荣[1] LI Xinrong(Department of history,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《安徽史学》2022年第2期56-63,共8页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：1902年底赵尔巽奏请军、流、徒犯人收入习艺所工作,源于传统的狱制资源,同时也开启了中国向西方狱政学习的契机。次年直隶总督袁世凯派遣凌福彭赴日考察监狱,随后仿之兴建规模宏大的天津、保定习艺所。天津、保定两所代表了习艺所形态下全国监狱改良的新成绩,但也集中反映出改造犯人与强调习艺的内在矛盾。修律大臣沈家本等人鉴于直隶经验,提出监狱收容罪犯、习艺所收留游民,实现分流管理。法部则根据天津习艺所兼收罪犯、游民的现实,主张统一在习艺所的框架内解决问题。直隶狱界官吏在实践中支持沈家本方案,且意识到既不宜强调传统的习艺,亦应改进引自日本的教诲与监禁办法。直隶经验显非尽善尽美,却是清季监狱改良的关键环节与重要依据。In 1902,Zhao Erxun presented a memorial requesting to send the prisoners of exile,banishment,and hard labor to work in the craft learning institution,which originated from the traditional prison resources and opened an opportunity to learn from the Western prison administration.The following year,Yuan Shikai,Governor of Zhili,sent Ling Fupeng to Japan to inspect the prison system.Then,following the western prison,Yuan ordered to build two grand craft learning institutions in Tianjin and Baoding.The two institutions represented the new achievements of the national prison reform in the form of the craft learning institution,but they also reflect the internal contradiction between the reform of prisoners and the emphasis on craft learning.In view of the experience of Zhili,Shen Jiaben,the Law Minister,proposed that prisons accept criminals and craft learning institutions confine vagrants to realize diversion management.The Ministry of Justice,based on the reality that the Craft Institution of Tianjin that accepted both criminals and vagrants,and advocated solving problems within the framework of the craft learning institution.The prison officials of Zhili supported Shen’s scheme in practice,and realized that it is not suitable to emphasize the traditional craft learning,but also improved the prison education and imprisonment methods introduced from Japan.Zhili’s experience was not perfect,but it was the key link and important basis of prison improvement in the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：习艺所 模范监狱 沈家本 凌福彭 

分 类 号：K257.9[历史地理—历史学]