自然取向·经典遵循——武汉大学早期校园规划理念的源流再探  

Natural Orientation and Classic Follow:Revisiting the Origin of Planning Concept behind the Early Campus of Wuhan University

作　　者：程世丹[1] 彭昱 刘炜 CHENG Shidan;PENG Yu;LIU Wei

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2022年第3期38-46,共9页South Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51678458):中国古代南北对峙区域军事城镇的防御机制与空间形态特征研究。

摘　　要：武汉大学早期校园在中国近代建筑史上占有独特地位,但因史料缺失,对其存在多种解读,影响其学术价值的完整呈现。基于设计师凯尔斯的教育与职业经历,聚焦19世纪至20世纪初美国校园规划思潮和范式,将建成环境与书面文献进行比照与分析。研究表明美国近代校园规划的环境启迪理念及相关范式在武大早期校园中均有体现,可概括为自然取向和经典遵循两大特征。早期校园由追求理想大学的愿望所塑造,融合了自然品质与经典秩序,并与大学和国家的象征联系在一起,回应了特定历史时期的社会与文化诉求,对当代大学校园建设仍具重要启示作用。Wuhan University’s(WHU)early campus occupies a unique position in the history of modern Chinese architecture.It is a rare national university campus that was newly constructed during the period of the Republic of China(ROC).It took the will of modern Chinese intellectual elites to build a brand-new modern university and to revive traditional Chinese architectural culture.Previous research on WHU’s early campus has gained considerable attention.However,due to a lack of relevant historical documents,there exist many interpretations around the planning and design of the early campus.Some preliminary studies imply that the origin of campus planning stems from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture based on its current status in the modern era.In recent years,studies have explored the construction of the early campus from the political,economic and cultural perspective of the ROC as well as in a context of collision between the Chinese and Western culture.Nevertheless,such interpretations of campus planning concepts are believed to be too broad.First,the influences of the modern American campus could generally be attributed to the"academic village"model of the University of Virginia or the Beaux-Arts system,without specific historical evidence and detailed analysis of their impact.Other important influential factors were also neglected.Second,analyses on architectural style and technological characteristics replace interpretations around planning ideas based on the current architectural fashion.Consequently,the uniqueness of WHU’s early campus has not fully been revealed,and thus,the entirety of its academic value has not been recognized.Aside from the Luojiashan Campus,There has not been any recorded completed constructions or related writings by Designer F.H.Kales.However,design is not imaging from nothing.The most likely reference for design is the accumulated experience related to American campus planning at that time.Focusing on the ideological trends and paradigms of American campus planning from t

关 键 词：武汉大学早期校园 凯尔斯 规划理念 

分 类 号：TU984.14[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]