钙镁磷肥对元胡种植区酸化土壤改良效果的探究  

Study on Effect of Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Fertilizer on Improvement of Acidified Soil in Planting Area of Rhizoma Corydalis

作　　者：高鹏[1] 杨小敏[1] 简红忠[1] 李丹妮[1] 司华[1] GAO Peng;YANG Xiaomin;JIAN Hongzhong;LI Danni;SI Hua(Hanzhong Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 72300,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市农业技术推广中心,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2022年第2期36-38,46,共4页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2019年陕西省农业厅第一批省级农业专项资金项目资助。

摘　　要：为了探究钙镁磷肥对元胡种植区土壤酸化的阻控作用,通过连续两年的钙镁磷肥田间定位试验,以上元观镇当地元胡种植户施肥习惯为对照(CK),研究分析了在氮、钾肥用量相同的情况下,施用钙、镁、磷肥750 kg/hm^(2)、1500 kg/hm^(2)和2250 kg/hm^(2),对土壤pH、交换性酸、阳离子交换量(CEC)、交换性盐基离子以及土壤基本肥力水平的影响。通过测算投入、产出效益,结果表明:施用钙镁磷肥能显著提升土壤pH水平,较(CK)处理提升0.27~0.31个单位,T100、T150两个处理能显著降低土壤交换性酸总量和交换性氢含量,对降低交换性铝有一定作用。施用钙镁磷肥较(CK)处理能显著提升阳离子交换量(CEC)以及交换性钙和交换性镁,是阻控土壤酸化的主要作用机制。但当施用量达到2 250 kg/hm^(2)时,种植元胡的新增纯收益会有所下降,伴随产生土壤中磷素过量的问题,会有造成磷素流失产生农业面源污染的风险。因此在汉中元胡种植区土壤酸化改良中推荐钙镁磷肥施用量750~1500 kg/hm^(2)。In order to explore the effect of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer on soil acidification in planting areas of Rhizoma Corydalis,through two consecutive years of positioning experiment for application of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer in the field,the fertilization habits of Rhizoma Corydalis growers in Yuanguan Town were used as the control(CK).Under the same amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer,the effects of application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 750 kg/hm^(2),1500 kg/hm^(2)and 2250 kg/hm^(2)on soil pH,exchangeable acid,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable base ions and soil,and the basic fertility levels were analyzed and studied.Through the calculation of input and output,the results showed that the application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer could significantly increase the soil pH level,which was 0.27~0.31 units higher than the CK.Two treatments of T100 and T150 could significantly reduce the total amount of soil exchangeable acid.The exchangeable hydrogen content had a certain effect on reducing of the exchangeable aluminum.The application of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer(CK)treatment could significantly increase the cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium,which was the main mechanism to inhibit soil acidification.However,when the application rate reached 2 250 kg/hm^(2),the net income of Rhizoma Corydalis planting would decrease.Were the problems were caused by excessive phosphorus in the soil,it would have risk of phosphorus loss and agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,in the improvement of soil acidification in planting area of Rhizoma Corydalis in Hanzhong,the recommended application rate of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 750 kg/hm^(2)to 1500 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：钙镁磷肥 元胡 土壤酸化 土壤PH 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]