植物抗病毒基因及其介导的抗性机理  

Plant Antiviral Gene and Its Mediated Resistance Mechanism

作　　者：郭子坤 刘瀚铮 李继平[2] GUO Zikun;LIU Hanzheng;LI Jiping(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agriculture University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2022年第2期89-95,共7页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：当前已知的植物抗病毒基因大体上分为5类。第1类为源自病毒的抗病毒基因,它们源于病毒基因组;第2类为与病毒基因相关的其他基因序列,它们或独立存在、或寄生于病毒、或依赖于病毒才能复制,如核酶基因、缺陷干扰颗粒等;第3类为源自植物的抗病毒基因,它们是植物基因的一部分,如病程相关蛋白基因、潜在自杀基因、核糖体失活蛋白基因等;第4类为植物抗体基因,它们是从动物体内获得的具有抵抗植物病毒作用的中和病毒基因;第5类为干扰素基因,它们为控制激素(干扰素)合成的基因,最初在动物体内发现,其后在烟草、番茄、番椒、丁香等植物中也发现干扰素基因。抗病毒基因介导的抗性机理十分复杂,不同基因介导的抗性机理各不相同,同一基因介导的抗性机理也有不同的模型,多数基因介导的抗性机理还未搞清,所以,在抗性机理方面尚未有统一的学说来阐明。今后这一领域的研究应侧重于植物抗病毒基因资源的分类与整理、抗病毒基因介导的抗性分子基础、抗病毒转基因在植物体内表达的影响因子(如转基因重组、沉默等)、新的抗病毒基因的发掘、增强抗病毒转基因生态安全性与遗传稳定性的措施等方面。The plant antiviral gene can be divided into five kinds.The first one originates from the virus of plant antiviral gene which is from antiviral genome,such as coat protein gene,virus replicase gene,virus movement protein(MP)gene and protease gene;the second kind is the other gene sequences which is related with virus gene,can live independently,parasite in virus or can not be duplicated without virus,sush as enzyme gene,sense and anti-sense RNAs,satellite RNA,defective interfering particles(DI);the third kind of gene is from plant antiviral gene which is a part of plant genes,such as pathogenesis-related protein(PR)gene,potential suicide genes,ribosome-inactivating protein(RIP)gene;the fourth kind of gene is plant anti-body genes which obtain from the animal body and can be resistant to plant virus;the fifth kind of gene is interferon gene which can control the combination of hormone(interferon),it is found first in the animal body,and then found in tobacco,tomato,Capsicum,Syzygium aromatium.The introducer mechanism of antiviral gene is complicated because different genes have different mechanisms,even the same gene also has different mechanism models,the most of gene resistance mechanism is not clear still now,therefore,there is no general description in gene antiviral mechanism.This study on gene antiviral mechanism should focus on the classification and arrangement of antiviral gene resources,the anti-molecular base of antiviral meditated gene,the effect factors of gene expression in plants(suchas transgenic recombination,silence),the discovery of new antiviral gene,the improvement of ecological safety and the measures of genetic stability,etc..

关 键 词：植物 抗病毒基因 抗性机理 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学] Q78[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]