从总裁选举看自民党派系政治的变与不变  

The Changes and Unchanges of the Liberal Democratic Party's Factional Politics from the Presidential Election

作　　者：张伯玉[1] ZHANG Bo-yu(Institute of Japanese Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所,北京100007

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2022年第1期1-8,共8页Japanese Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“日本自民党体制转型研究”(17AGJ008)。

摘　　要：派系政治曾经是日本政治的代名词,自民党也被称为“派系联合体”。自民党长期单独执政时期(1955年至1993年),总裁选举以派系为单位进行,派系是总裁候选人拉票或争取多数派工作的工具,非派系领袖担任总裁是一种“非常态”——自民党的紧急临时避难措施。在小选举区比例代表并立选举制下,自民党派系政治表现出不同于中选举区制下的特点——派系功能及其约束力显著弱化。尤其是在总裁选举中,派系已经由“主角”沦为“配角”。非派系领袖出任总裁成为一种“新常态”,派系领袖出任总裁则是一种非常态。无论自民党派系政治的未来发展趋势如何,其不变的逻辑仍然是受不可见政治游戏规则的支配。Factional politics used to be synonymous with Japanese politics,and the Liberal Democratic Party was also known as“factional coalition”.During the long-term independent ruling of the Liberal Democratic Party(1955 to 1993),the presidential election was conducted by faction.Factions were tools for presidential candidates to canvass votes or win the majority.It is an“abnormal state”for a non-factional leader to serve as president—emergency temporary measures by the Liberal Democratic Party.Under the parallel electoral system of proportional representation in small electoral districts,the factional politics of the Liberal Democratic Party shows different characteristics from those under the electoral district system—the function of factions and their binding force are significantly weakened.Especially in the presidential election,the faction has been reduced from“the protagonist”to“a supporting role”.It has become a“new normal”for a non-factional leader to become president,and a faction leader to become president is an anomaly.Regardless of the future development trend of LDP factional politics,its invariable logic is it is still governed by the rules of the invisible political game.

关 键 词：日本政治 自民党 总裁选举 派系政治 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D77[政治法律—中外政治制度]