刑事诉讼人工智能化转型研究  

The Outline of AI-Based Transformation of Criminal Procedure

作　　者：白文静 Bai Wenjing(School of Law and Political Science,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Huhhot 010022,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学法政学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《学术探索》2022年第3期89-99,共11页Academic Exploration

摘　　要：人工智能只能以“人的工具”的身份介入刑事诉讼,这是“人”保持其主体性地位的根本哲学要求在刑事诉讼领域的延伸和体现。“刑事诉讼人工智能化”,实质是对刑事侦查、公诉、辩护和审判活动在借由人工智能辅助决策后而转型的趋势的描述,以司法数据共享化、办案材料数据化、法律决策智能化为基本特征。刑事诉讼的人工智能化转型虽然具备提高诉讼效率、保障诉讼质量、减少司法腐败的价值,却也同时面临着威胁控辩平等、压缩辩护空间、司法能动性受限等理论难题;难以实现数据共享、司法数据信息公开不充分、跨专业司法人力资源稀缺、低水平系统重复无序建设等实践困境。充分发挥人工智能在刑事诉讼领域的应有价值,应当在辅助性、有效性和可推翻性原则的指导下,完善技术建设、限制人工智能介入范围、强化人权保障并保障律师参与。Artificial intelligence can be involved in criminal procedure only as a “cat’s paw”, which is the extension and embodiment of the fundamental philosophical requirement that “human” maintain his status as the subject. Based on this understanding, the so-called “AI-based transformation of criminal procedure” is actually a description about the trend that activities of criminal investigation, public prosecution, defense and trial are making transformation by making decisions with the assistance of artificial intelligence, whose basic characteristics are shared judicial data, digitized materials of cases, and intelligent legal decision-making. To be specific, though the AI-based transformation of criminal procedure has the values of improved the efficiency, guaranteed the quality of litigation, and reduced the judicial corruption, in the meantime, it faces such theoretical difficulties as threatened equality between the prosecutor and the defense, compressed space of defense, and limited judicial activism, and the practical predicaments of insufficient opening of judicial data, difficult data sharing, shortage of cross-professional judicial human resources, and repeatedly and disorderly construction of low-level systems. In order to solve these problems and to give full play to the value of artificial intelligence in the field of criminal procedure, we should, under the guidance of the principles of subsidiarity, efficiency and refutability, improve technological construction, limit the intervening scope of artificial intelligence, and strengthen the protection of human rights and guarantee the participation of lawyers.

关 键 词：刑事诉讼 人工智能 刑事诉讼价值 刑事诉讼转型 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]