拉美裔在美国的政治参与:美国人口结构变化的视角  

Political Participation of Hispanics in the U.S.:From the Perspective of the Demographic Changes

作　　者：姬虹[1] Ji Hong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2021年第6期21-41,155,156,共23页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：进入21世纪后,美国人口结构发生了很大变化,拉美裔成为人口最多的少数族裔群体,并开始在美国政坛显示自己的政治实力,但拉美裔是否已经摆脱了政治上“沉睡中的巨人”状况,还存在争议。本文以美国2020年人口普查数据为基础,分析目前拉美裔人口的状况与特点,指出随着拉美裔人口剧增,他们手中的选票变得越来越重要,拉美裔成为两党的争夺对象。但拉美裔人口红利并没有完全转化为政治力量,其原因是本文关注的主要问题。通过探讨拉美裔人口的新变化,本文认为拉美裔自身的复杂性,如民族来源繁多、阶层分化显著、政治诉求不一、居住分散等,使得拉美裔很难形成一致的群体利益,这极大地影响了其政治力量的发挥。此外,近年来美国政治生态恶化,两党争斗不断,政治极化加深,两党在选举程序上的博弈等问题进一步拖累了拉美裔政治参与的步伐,使之成为无辜的政治受害者。从美国拉美裔政治参与的角度,可以看出人口变化与政治参与之间的关系。The 21st century witnesses tremendous demographic changes in the USA.Being the largest minority group,Hispanics begins to display its political force.However,it is still controversial whether Hispanics has freed itself from the image of“Sleeping Giant”or not.On the basis of the 2020 Census,this article,by analyzing the present situation and characteristics of Hispanic population,finds that with the sharp increase in Hispanic population,the Democratic Party and the Republican Party compete fiercely for Hispanic votes.The author focuses on the reasons why the demographic dividend doesn ’t bring Hispanics the corresponding political force.After exploring the new changes in Hispanic demographics,the article attributes this to the complexity in Hispanic population,such as diverse origins,obvious class stratification,distinct political demands and scattered residence,which are all detrimental to the unifying of political power of Hispanics.In addition,Hispanics have become innocent victims of recent deteriorating political ecology in the USA,as factors like constant party competitions,deepening political polarization and two party’s game in the voting procedures all impede the political participation of Hispanics.The political participation of Hispanics well proves the relevance between demographic changes and political influence.

关 键 词：美国 人口结构 拉美裔 人口红利 政治参与 

分 类 号：C924.712[社会学—人口学]